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Monocytes (view source)

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[[Image:Monocyte.jpg|150px|thumb|right|'''Monocyte''' (Copyright © RVC. All rights reserved)]]
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[[Image:LH Monocyte Histology.jpg|right|thumb|150px|<p>'''Monocyte'''</p><sup>©RVC 2008</sup>]]
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<p>Monocytes are the largest [[Leukocytes - WikiBlood|leukocytes]]. They have a large indented nucleus, few granules and constitute about 5% of circulating [[Leukocytes - WikiBlood|leukocytes]]. Monocytes are precursors to a number of cells that make up the [[Lymphoreticular System - Anatomy & Physiology|mononuclear phagocytic system]]. Developing in the [[Bone Marrow - Anatomy & Physiology|bone marrow]], monocytes migrate into the circulation where, after approximately three days, they migrate into tissues and differentiate.</p>
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==Development==
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<p>Monocytes develop from the bi-potential [[Overview of Haematopoiesis - WikiBlood#Colony Forming Units|CFU-GM]] stem cell. Further details of this process ([[Leukopoiesis - WikiBlood|leukopoiesis]]) can be found [[Leukopoiesis - WikiBlood#Monocyte development|here]].</p>
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<p>When monocytes leave the blood stream they then differentiate into a number of cells (all are [[Macrophages|macrophages]]):
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* Connective tissue histiocyte
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* [[Respiratory System General Introduction - Pathology#Alveolar macrophages|Alveolar macrophage]]
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* Peritoneal macrophage
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* Kupffer cell of [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]]
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* Melanophage of skin
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* Lipophage
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* [[Bones - Anatomy & Physiology#Osteoclasts|Osteoclasts]] in bone
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* Microglial cell in bone & brain
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* Specialised histiocytes
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** Epithelioid cell
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* Histiocytic giant cell
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** Langhan’s cell
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** Foreign body
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** Touton</p>
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[[Image:Monocyte Picture.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Monocyte Picture - Copyright Prof Dirk Werling DrMedVet PhD MRCVS]]
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Monocytes are generally the largest [[Leucocytes|leucocyte]] and have a nucleus that is ovoid and indented (often bean shaped). The cytoplasm usually stain blue-gray and often is vacuolated. The monocytes range is generally between 0 and 10% of the differential and may increase in chronic infections.
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==Action==
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<p>During inflammation chemokines attract monocytes which migrate out of blood vessels into the damaged tissue, where they differentiate into cells of the [[Lymphoreticular System - Anatomy & Physiology|mononuclear phagocytic system]].</p>
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<p>Monocytes can live for months to years in the circulation.</p>
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<p>Monocytes are referred to as macrophages once they enter a tissue by '''diapedesis'''.</p>
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<p>Monocytes/macrophages act as phagocytes, removing particular antigens. They also act as antigen presenting cells to take up, process and present antigen to [[Lymphocytes#T cells|T cells]].</p>
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===In pathology===
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*[[Changes in Inflammatory Cells Circulating in Blood - Pathology#Monocytosis|Monocytosis]]
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<br>
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----
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<center><b><sup>Blood cells: [[Erythrocytes - WikiBlood|Erythrocytes]] |
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[[Basophils - WikiBlood|Basophils]], [[Eosinophils - WikiBlood|Eosinophils]], [[Lymphocytes|Lymphocytes]], [[Macrophages|Macrophages]], [[Mast Cells - WikiBlood|Mast cells]], [[Monocytes - WikiBlood|Monocytes]] & [[Neutrophils|Neutrophils]] |  [[Thrombocytes|Thrombocytes]] & [[Thrombopoiesis - WikiBlood#Megakaryocyte|Megakaryocytes]]</sup></b></center>
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[[Category:Lizard_and_Snake_Glossary]]
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[[Category:WikiBlood]]
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