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* Swine dysentery gives rise to fibrinous/ haemorrhagic enteritis.
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*Swine dysentery gives rise to fibrinous/ haemorrhagic enteritis.  
* A quite common and important disease.
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*A quite common and important disease.  
* The disease is caused by [[Brachyspira hyodysenteriae|''Brachyspira hyodysenteriae'']].
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*The disease is caused by [[Brachyspira hyodysenteriae|''Brachyspira hyodysenteriae'']].  
** Is not seen in gnotobiotic animals - other enteric pathogens such as [[Fusobacterium necrophorum|''Fusobacterium'']] or [[Bacteroides|''Bacteroides'']] may therefore also be required in order to produce disease.
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**Is not seen in gnotobiotic animals - other enteric pathogens such as [[Fusobacterium necrophorum|''Fusobacterium'']] or [[Bacteroides|''Bacteroides'']] may therefore also be required in order to produce disease.
* The disease is NOT systemic.
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*The disease is NOT systemic.  
** Localised to the [[Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|large intestine]]- in particular, the spiral [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]].
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**Localised to the [[Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|large intestine]]- in particular, the spiral [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]].
* Swine dysentery is spread by the faeco-oral route, and is carried by pigs and rodents.
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*Swine dysentery is spread by the faeco-oral route, and is carried by pigs and rodents.
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===Clinical===
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=== Clinical ===
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* Affects post weaning pigs at approximately 4 months of age.
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*Affects post weaning pigs at approximately 4 months of age.  
* White scour becomes a liquid dirty red / brown scour with a foul smell.
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*White scour becomes a liquid dirty red / brown scour with a foul smell.  
** Contains poorly digested focal shreds of mucosa and fibrin strands.  
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**Contains poorly digested focal shreds of mucosa and fibrin strands.  
*** '''Mucoid covered faeces'''.
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***'''Mucoid covered faeces'''.
* There are three outcomes to infection; the animal may:
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*There are three outcomes to infection; the animal may:  
** Die
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**Die  
** There is a morbidity up to 90% in the herd, with up to 50% mortality.
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**There is a morbidity up to 90% in the herd, with up to 50% mortality.  
** Recover
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**Recover  
** Become chronically infected.
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**Become chronically infected.
* Symptoms are due to loss of absorption in [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]].
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*Symptoms are due to loss of absorption in [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]].  
** The [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] is normally a key site of absorption for water and electrolytes in the pig.
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**The [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] is normally a key site of absorption for water and electrolytes in the pig.
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===Pathology===
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=== Pathology ===
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* The serosa of the spiral [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] may appear shiny from the outside.
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*The serosa of the spiral [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] may appear shiny from the outside.  
** Is turgid and oedematous.  
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**Is turgid and oedematous.  
** In severe cases, haemorrhage may be seen.
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**In severe cases, haemorrhage may be seen.
* The [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] NOT affected.
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*The [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] NOT affected.  
* Fibrinous deposits are seen on the mucosa as the disease progresses.
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*Fibrinous deposits are seen on the mucosa as the disease progresses.  
** The mucosa underneath is eroded to expose blood vessels in lamina propria.
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**The mucosa underneath is eroded to expose blood vessels in lamina propria.  
*** Accounts for the bleeding.
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***Accounts for the bleeding.
* Animals often recover, but have a low feed conversion ratio for sometime.
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*Animals often recover, but have a low feed conversion ratio for sometime.
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===Diagnosis===
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=== Diagnosis ===
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* Silver stains show organisms in the epithelium of the mucosa.  
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*Silver stains show organisms in the epithelium of the mucosa.  
*Clinical signs
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*Clinical signs  
 
**''B. hyodysenteriae'' causes dysentry in weaned pigs 6-12 weeks old; pigs lose condition and become emaciated; appetite is decreased; large amount of mucous may be present in the faeces; low mortality; poor feed conversion ratio
 
**''B. hyodysenteriae'' causes dysentry in weaned pigs 6-12 weeks old; pigs lose condition and become emaciated; appetite is decreased; large amount of mucous may be present in the faeces; low mortality; poor feed conversion ratio
*Diagnosis
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*Diagnosis  
**History, clinical signs and gross pathology
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**History, clinical signs and gross pathology  
**Anaerobic culture on blood agar with added antibiotics for at least 3 days
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**Anaerobic culture on blood agar with added antibiotics for at least 3 days  
**''B. hyodysenteriae'' causes complete haemolysis whereas other spirochaetes cause partial haemolysis
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**''B. hyodysenteriae'' causes complete haemolysis whereas other spirochaetes cause partial haemolysis  
**Immunofluorescence, DNA probes and biochemical tests
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**Immunofluorescence, DNA probes and biochemical tests  
**Serology using ELISA can be used on a herd basis
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**Serology using ELISA can be used on a herd basis  
 
**PCR
 
**PCR
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* Also by immunofluorescence or electron microscopy.[[Category:Enteritis,_Bacterial]][[Category:Enteritis,_Fibrinous/Haemorrhagic]][[Category:Intestinal Diseases - Pig]]
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*Also by immunofluorescence or electron microscopy.
[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]]
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[[Category:Enteritis,_Bacterial]] [[Category:Enteritis,_Fibrinous/Haemorrhagic]] [[Category:Intestinal_Diseases_-_Pig]] [[Category:To_Do_-_Kate]]
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