Difference between revisions of "Borrelia burgdorferi"

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(Created page with '*Lyme disease **Caused by ''Borrelia burgdorferi'' **Reported in humans, dogs, horses, cattle, sheep **Ticks are the vector, which acquire the infection from small rodents, the r…')
 
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[[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]]

Revision as of 11:00, 25 June 2010

  • Lyme disease
    • Caused by Borrelia burgdorferi
    • Reported in humans, dogs, horses, cattle, sheep
    • Ticks are the vector, which acquire the infection from small rodents, the reservoir hosts
    • Ticks transmit the infection to large mammals such as deer and sheep
    • Ixodes ricinus is the most common tick vector in Europe
    • Pathogenesis
      • Virulence of the borreliae requires a change in expression of an outer membrane protein following ingestion of blood by the tick
      • Borreliae multiply in the blood stream of susceptible hosts and disseminate throughout the body
      • Localisation in joints, brain, nerves, eyes and heart can occur
      • The associated lesions may be in part caused by the host immune response
    • CLinical signs
      • May be subclinical in endemic areas
      • Clinical manifestation depends on the site of localisation of organisms
      • Disease in dogs may cause fever, lethargy, arthritis, cardiac, renal or neurological disturbance
      • Horses suffer similar clinical signs but also lameness, uveitis, nephritis, hepatitis and encephalitis
      • Cattle and sheep may suffer from lameness
    • Diagnosis
      • Laboratory confirmation difficult due to low numbers of organisms and fastidious growth requirements
      • History of exposure to ticks in an endemic region and clinical signs
      • Rising antibody titre to Borrelia burgdorferi detected by ELISA
      • Immunofluorescence
      • Culture in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly medium for 6 weeks under microaerophilic conditions
      • PCR
    • Treatment and control
      • Amoxycillin and oxytetracycline in the acute phase; prolonged treatment in the chronic phase
      • Tick control and removal
      • Vaccines including whole cell bacterins and recombinant subunit vaccines available for dogs