Difference between revisions of "Donkey Haematology"

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Line 15: Line 15:
 
!align="left"|RBC 10<sup>12</sup>/l
 
!align="left"|RBC 10<sup>12</sup>/l
 
|5.5
 
|5.5
−
|(4 - 7.3)
+
|(4 - 7.1)
 
|'''Red blood cells, packed cell volume, haemoglobin:'''
 
|'''Red blood cells, packed cell volume, haemoglobin:'''
 
Elevations in RBC, PCV, and Hb may occur in dehydration and with stress, excitation and exercise. A reduction in these values may occur with acute haemorrhage, chronic inflammation, renal disease, hepatic disease, parasitism, haemolysis, and haematopoietic neoplasia.
 
Elevations in RBC, PCV, and Hb may occur in dehydration and with stress, excitation and exercise. A reduction in these values may occur with acute haemorrhage, chronic inflammation, renal disease, hepatic disease, parasitism, haemolysis, and haematopoietic neoplasia.
Line 21: Line 21:
 
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|PCV %
 
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|PCV %
 
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|33
 
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|33
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(25 - 38)
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(27 - 42)
 
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|<small>As above</small>
 
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|<small>As above</small>
 
|-
 
|-
 
!align="left"|Hb g/dl
 
!align="left"|Hb g/dl
−
|11.6
+
|11.0
−
|(9 - 15.3)
+
|(8.9 - 14.7)
 
|<small>As above</small>
 
|<small>As above</small>
 
|-
 
|-
 
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCH pg
 
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCH pg
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|21.9
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|20.6
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(18.9 - 28.6)
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(17.6 - 23.1)
 
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Mean corpuscular haematology:'''
 
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Mean corpuscular haematology:'''
 
Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions usually indicate iron deficiency.
 
Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions usually indicate iron deficiency.
 
|-
 
|-
 
!align="left"|MCHC g/dl
 
!align="left"|MCHC g/dl
−
|34.8
+
|34
−
|(31.4 - 39.1)
+
|(31 - 37)
 
|'''Mean corpuscular haematological concentration:'''
 
|'''Mean corpuscular haematological concentration:'''
 
Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions may indicate iron deficiency.
 
Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions may indicate iron deficiency.
 
|-
 
|-
 
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCV fl
 
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MCV fl
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|64
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|60
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(57 - 79)
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(53 - 67)
 
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Macrocytosis''' seen with regenerative anaemia. Microcytosis seen with iron deficiency.
 
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Macrocytosis''' seen with regenerative anaemia. Microcytosis seen with iron deficiency.
 
|-
 
|-
 
!align="left"|WBC 10<sup>9</sup>/l
 
!align="left"|WBC 10<sup>9</sup>/l
−
|10.2
+
|10
−
|(6.1 - 16.1)
+
|(6.2 - 15)
 
|'''White blood cells'''. The total number of WBC is influenced by the numbers of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], lymphocytes, eosinophils,  [[Monocytes|monocytes]] and basophils. Leucocytosis is seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions. Leucopaenia can occur
 
|'''White blood cells'''. The total number of WBC is influenced by the numbers of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], lymphocytes, eosinophils,  [[Monocytes|monocytes]] and basophils. Leucocytosis is seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions. Leucopaenia can occur
 
during viral infection and severe leucopenia with acute bacterial infections.
 
during viral infection and severe leucopenia with acute bacterial infections.
 
|-
 
|-
 
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|NEU %
 
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|NEU %
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|50.5
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|38.3
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(28 - 78)
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(23 - 59)
 
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Neutrophils.''' Neutrophilia can arise transiently due to exercise, excitement and stress. Elevations are seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions and acute bacterial infections. Corticosteroids, exogenous and endogenous, also cause a neutrophilia. Neutropenia can occur during viral infections.
 
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Neutrophils.''' Neutrophilia can arise transiently due to exercise, excitement and stress. Elevations are seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions and acute bacterial infections. Corticosteroids, exogenous and endogenous, also cause a neutrophilia. Neutropenia can occur during viral infections.
 
|-
 
|-
 
!align="left"|NEU T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
 
!align="left"|NEU T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
−
|5.0
+
|3.7
−
|(2.2 - 13.3)
+
|(2.4 - 6.3)
 
|<small>As above</small>
 
|<small>As above</small>
 
|-
 
|-
 
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|EOS %
 
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|EOS %
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|4
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|4.0
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(1 - 10)
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0.9 - 9.1)
 
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Eosinophils.''' Eosinophilia may be seen as a result of parasitism, allergic respiratory disease and eosinophilic leukaemia. Eosinopaenia is hard to evaluate as the numbers of eosinophils in normal donkeys are low.
 
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Eosinophils.''' Eosinophilia may be seen as a result of parasitism, allergic respiratory disease and eosinophilic leukaemia. Eosinopaenia is hard to evaluate as the numbers of eosinophils in normal donkeys are low.
 
|-
 
|-
 
!align="left"|EOS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
 
!align="left"|EOS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
−
|0.38
+
|0.4
−
|(0.09 - 1.15)
+
|(0.1 - 0.9)
 
|<small>As above</small>
 
|<small>As above</small>
 
|-
 
|-
 
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|BAS %
 
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|BAS %
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|0.05
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 0.8)
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 0.5)
 
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Basophils.''' Basophilia is rare in donkeys.
 
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Basophils.''' Basophilia is rare in donkeys.
 
|-
 
|-
 
!align="left"|BAS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
 
!align="left"|BAS T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
 
|0
 
|0
−
|(0 - 0.5)
+
|(0 - 0.07)
 
|<small>As above</small>
 
|<small>As above</small>
 
|-
 
|-
 
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|LYM %
 
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|LYM %
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|43
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|54
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(17 - 65)
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(34 - 69)
 
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Lymphocytes.''' Lymphocytosis occurs in response to chronic viral infections, autoimmune disease and with excitement or exercise. Large elevations in lymphocyte numbers can be seen in lymphoma. Lymphopaenia occurs as a result of stress, exogenous corticosteroid administration, severe bacterial or viral infections, endotoxemia and immunodeficiency.
 
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Lymphocytes.''' Lymphocytosis occurs in response to chronic viral infections, autoimmune disease and with excitement or exercise. Large elevations in lymphocyte numbers can be seen in lymphoma. Lymphopaenia occurs as a result of stress, exogenous corticosteroid administration, severe bacterial or viral infections, endotoxemia and immunodeficiency.
 
|-
 
|-
 
!align="left"|LYM T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
 
!align="left"|LYM T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
−
|4.2
+
|5.5
−
|(1.8 - 7.8)
+
|(2.2 - 9.6)
 
|<small>As above</small>
 
|<small>As above</small>
 
|-
 
|-
 
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MON %
 
!align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|MON %
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|1
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|3.0
−
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 5)
+
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|(0 - 7.5)
 
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Monocytes.''' Monocytosis can occur as a result of chronic suppurative and granulomatous inflammation. It may also be seen during recovery from viral infections of the upper respiratory tract.
 
|bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|'''Monocytes.''' Monocytosis can occur as a result of chronic suppurative and granulomatous inflammation. It may also be seen during recovery from viral infections of the upper respiratory tract.
 
|-
 
|-
 
!align="left"|MON T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
 
!align="left"|MON T 10<sup>9</sup>/l
−
|0.13
+
|0.3
−
|(0 - 0.8)
+
|(0 - 0.75)
 
|<small>As above</small>
 
|<small>As above</small>
 
|-
 
|-

Revision as of 11:56, 4 November 2016

WikiNormalsWikiNormals Banner.png
WIKINORMALS
DONKEY SECTION


Parameter/units Average Range Interpretation
RBC 1012/l 5.5 (4 - 7.1) Red blood cells, packed cell volume, haemoglobin:

Elevations in RBC, PCV, and Hb may occur in dehydration and with stress, excitation and exercise. A reduction in these values may occur with acute haemorrhage, chronic inflammation, renal disease, hepatic disease, parasitism, haemolysis, and haematopoietic neoplasia.

PCV % 33 (27 - 42) As above
Hb g/dl 11.0 (8.9 - 14.7) As above
MCH pg 20.6 (17.6 - 23.1) Mean corpuscular haematology:

Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions usually indicate iron deficiency.

MCHC g/dl 34 (31 - 37) Mean corpuscular haematological concentration:

Elevations occur with haemolysis. Reductions may indicate iron deficiency.

MCV fl 60 (53 - 67) Macrocytosis seen with regenerative anaemia. Microcytosis seen with iron deficiency.
WBC 109/l 10 (6.2 - 15) White blood cells. The total number of WBC is influenced by the numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes and basophils. Leucocytosis is seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions. Leucopaenia can occur

during viral infection and severe leucopenia with acute bacterial infections.

NEU % 38.3 (23 - 59) Neutrophils. Neutrophilia can arise transiently due to exercise, excitement and stress. Elevations are seen with septic and non-septic inflammatory conditions and acute bacterial infections. Corticosteroids, exogenous and endogenous, also cause a neutrophilia. Neutropenia can occur during viral infections.
NEU T 109/l 3.7 (2.4 - 6.3) As above
EOS % 4.0 (0.9 - 9.1) Eosinophils. Eosinophilia may be seen as a result of parasitism, allergic respiratory disease and eosinophilic leukaemia. Eosinopaenia is hard to evaluate as the numbers of eosinophils in normal donkeys are low.
EOS T 109/l 0.4 (0.1 - 0.9) As above
BAS % 0.05 (0 - 0.5) Basophils. Basophilia is rare in donkeys.
BAS T 109/l 0 (0 - 0.07) As above
LYM % 54 (34 - 69) Lymphocytes. Lymphocytosis occurs in response to chronic viral infections, autoimmune disease and with excitement or exercise. Large elevations in lymphocyte numbers can be seen in lymphoma. Lymphopaenia occurs as a result of stress, exogenous corticosteroid administration, severe bacterial or viral infections, endotoxemia and immunodeficiency.
LYM T 109/l 5.5 (2.2 - 9.6) As above
MON % 3.0 (0 - 7.5) Monocytes. Monocytosis can occur as a result of chronic suppurative and granulomatous inflammation. It may also be seen during recovery from viral infections of the upper respiratory tract.
MON T 109/l 0.3 (0 - 0.75) As above
Platelets 109/l 5.5 (4 - 7.3) Thrombocytes. Thrombocytosis is rare but can occur in bacterial infections. Thrombocytopaenia may be seen in disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), immunemediated thrombocytopenia, equine infectious anaemia (EIA), endotoxemia, equine ehrlichiosis, neoplasia, or as a result of severe haemorrhage. Artifactual reductions in platelet numbers can occur as a result of platelets clumping in EDTA.

Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) The Professional Handbook of the Donkey, 4th edition, Whittet Books, Appendix 1

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