Difference between revisions of "Mycoplasma synoviae"

Revision as of 17:54, 6 June 2011

Mycoplasma synoviae
Phylum	Firmicutes
Class	Mollicutes
Order	Mycoplasmatales
Family	Mycoplasmataceae
Genus	Mycoplasma
Species	M.synoviae

Also Known As — Infectious synovitis — Avian mycoplasmosis — Infectious sinusitis — Mycopasma arthritis

Caused By — Mycoplasma synoviae

Introduction

M. synoviae causes bacterial disease affecting the joints, bones and respiratory system of birds. It is one of the mycoplasma genus’ of bacteria.

It is closely related to M. Gallisepticum which causes chronic respiratory disease in poultry.

M. synoviae is endemic in parts of Europe and causes significant production losses particularly in egg production.

Distribution

Thought to likely be worldwide but recording is unreliable.

Mycoplasma can be transmitted to progeny through eggs and through direct and indirect contact between birds.

Signalment

Affects mainly chickens and turkeys, with chickens the most susceptible.

It can also affect game and wild birds.

Clinical Signs

Lameness, abnormal curvature of the limbs, deviation of the limbs and feet, stiff gait.

Dehydration, decreased production, reluctance to move

Tachypnoea, sneezing, purulent nasal discharge, open mouth breathing

Torticollis and other neurological signs

Diagnosis

Clinical signs and necropsy findings are suggestive but not pathognomic so laboratory diagnosis is necessary.

On post-mortem, air sacculitis and arthritis with a caseous exudate are evident.

Bacteria can be isolated and cultured from wet swabs of the trachea, oropharynx, eye, nose or cloaca in live birds. If sampling a dead bird, sterile samples of synovial fluid and air sac samples should be taken.

M. synoviae can then be definitively identified by immunofluorescence and PCR.

ELISA can be used for serological diagnosis and are excellent for detecting antibodies in egg yolk which is valuable for flock status investigation.

Treatment

M. synoviae is susceptible to tilmicosin, tylosin, enrofloxacin and oxytetacyclines in vitro but resistance is increasing in vivo.

Eggs can be dipped in cold chlortetracycline antibiotic solution for 15-20 minutes or heat treated to 46-47⁰ for 11-14 hours prior to incubation.

Control

Control is hampered by the increasing resistance of M. synoviae to antibiotics.

No vaccine is available and infection is difficult to control due its aerosolic, vertical and contact transmission.

References

Animal Health & ProductIon Compendium, Mycoplasma synoviae datasheet, accessed 06/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/

Animal Health & ProductIon Compendium, Mycoplasma synoviae infections datasheet, accessed 06/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/

Literature Search

Use these links to find recent scientific publications via CAB Abstracts (log in required unless accessing from a subscribing organisation).

Mycoplasma synoviae publications

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 |species = ''M.synoviae''
 }}
-''M.synoviae'' is a species of the ''[[Mycoplasmas species - Overview|Mycoplasmas]]'' genus. It causes infectious synovitis in chickens and turkeys, resulting in synovitis, arthritis and respiratory disease. It is transmitted by aerosol.
-''M.synoviae'' can be identified by isolation or serology. It can be treated by in-feed tetracycline and eradicated through specific-pathogen-free flocks.
+Also Known As — '''''Infectious synovitis''''' — '''''Avian mycoplasmosis''''' — '''''Infectious sinusitis''''' — '''''Mycopasma arthritis'''''
+Caused By — Mycoplasma synoviae
+==Introduction==
+''M. synoviae'' causes '''[[Bacteria | bacterial]]''' disease affecting the '''joints, bones''' and '''respiratory''' system of '''birds'''. It is one of the [[Mycoplasmas | mycoplasma]] genus’ of bacteria.
+It is closely related to [[Mycoplasma gallisepticum | ''M. Gallisepticum'']] which causes chronic respiratory disease in poultry.
+''M. synoviae'' is endemic in parts of Europe and causes significant production losses particularly in '''egg production'''.
+==Distribution==
+Thought to likely be worldwide but recording is unreliable.
+Mycoplasma can be '''transmitted''' to progeny through '''eggs''' and through '''direct and indirect contact''' between birds.
+==Signalment==
+Affects mainly '''chickens''' and turkeys, with chickens the most susceptible.
+It can also affect game and wild birds.
+==Clinical Signs==
+'''Lameness, abnormal curvature''' of the limbs, deviation of the limbs and feet, stiff gait.
+'''Dehydration, decreased production''', reluctance to move
+'''Tachypnoea, sneezing, purulent nasal discharge''', open mouth breathing
+Torticollis and other neurological signs
+==Diagnosis==
+Clinical '''signs''' and '''necropsy''' findings are suggestive but not pathognomic so laboratory diagnosis is necessary.
+On '''post-mortem, air sacculitis and arthritis''' with a '''caseous exudate''' are evident.
+Bacteria can be '''isolated''' and '''cultured from wet swabs''' of the trachea, oropharynx, eye, nose or cloaca in live birds.
+If sampling a dead bird, '''sterile''' samples of '''synovial fluid''' and air sac samples should be taken.
+''M. synoviae'' can then be definitively identified by '''immunofluorescence''' and '''PCR'''.
+[[ELISA testing | '''ELISA''']] can be used for serological diagnosis and are excellent for detecting antibodies in egg yolk which is valuable for flock status investigation.
+==Treatment==
+''M. synoviae'' is susceptible to '''tilmicosin, tylosin, enrofloxacin''' and '''oxytetacyclines''' in vitro but resistance is increasing in vivo.
+Eggs can be '''dipped''' in cold '''chlortetracycline''' antibiotic solution for 15-20 minutes or '''heat treated''' to 46-47⁰ for 11-14 hours prior to incubation.
+==Control==
+Control is hampered by the increasing resistance of ''M. synoviae'' to antibiotics.
+No vaccine is available and infection is difficult to control due its aerosolic, vertical and contact transmission.
+==References==
+<references/>
+Animal Health & ProductIon Compendium, '''Mycoplasma synoviae datasheet''', accessed 06/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/
+Animal Health & ProductIon Compendium, '''Mycoplasma synoviae infections datasheet''', accessed 06/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/
 ==Literature Search==
 [[File:CABI logo.jpg|left|90px]]
 Use these links to find recent scientific publications via CAB Abstracts (log in required unless accessing from a subscribing organisation).