Difference between revisions of "Reproductive System Overview - Anatomy & Physiology"
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Revision as of 12:36, 4 September 2008
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Overview of the Reproductive system
Reproduction is a sequence of events beginning with the development of the reproductive system in the embryo. After the animal is born, it must grow and achieve puberty by aquiring the ability to produce fertile gametes. This ability must be accomplished by reproductive behaviour and copulation. After copulation, the sperm and egg meet, fertilization occurs and development of the preattachment embryo follows. The conceptus attaches to the uterus by a specialised organ called the placenta. It allows the conceptus to grow and develop to term. The fully developed foetus is born and the female giving birth to it must lactate to provide nourishment for the neonate. During or after lactation the dam must re-establish cyclicity before she can become pregnant again.
Development to Puberty
Female Reproductive Tract
Male Reproductive Tract
Reproductive Behaviour
Male
Female
Fertilisation, Implantation and Early Embryonic Development
Gestation
Parturition
The Puerperium
- Resumption of Ovarian Function: for more information see 'Species Differences in the Puerperium' below.
Lactation
Links to Associated Pathology
- Information on Hypocalcaemia 'Milk Fever' can be found here
- Information on Mammary Neoplasia can be found here
- Information on Mastitis can be found here
Reproductive Technologies
Camelids (LLamas & Alpacas)
Alpacas and Llamas have a long gestation period of ~11 months. They are almost always monotocious, giving birth to a single cria.
- Female Anatomy
- Male Anatomy
- Breeding Cycle
- Mating
- Pregnancy Diagnosis
- Parturition
- Lactation & Care of the Newborn
Small Domestic Mammals
Species | Rabbit | Chinchilla | Chipmunk | Gerbil | Guinea Pig | Golden Hamster | Mouse | Rat | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reproductive Pattern | No True Oestrous Cycle | Seasonally Polyoestrous:Breeds November-March | Seasonally Polyoestrous:Breeds March-September | Polyoestrous | Polyoestrous | Polyoestrous | Polyoestrous | Polyoestrous | |
Length of Oestous Cycle | Every 4 days | 30-35 days | 14 days | 4-6 days | 15-16 days | Every 4 days | 4-5 days | 4-5 days | |
Type of Ovulation | Induced:Occurs Within 10 hours of Mating | Spontaneous | Spontaneous | Spontaneous | Spontaneous | Spontaneous | Spontaneous | Spontaneous | |
Gestation Period | 28-32 days | 111 days | 28-32 days | 24-26 days | 63 days | 15-18 days | 19-21 days | 20-22 days | |
Average Litter Size | 2-7 | 2-3 | 2-6 | 3-6 | 2-6 | 3-7 | 6-12 | 6-12 | |
Type of Young at Birth | Altricial | Precocial | Altricial | Altricial | Precocial | Altricial | Altricial | Altricial | |
Weaning Age | 4-6 weeks | 6-8 weeks | 6-7 weeks | 3-4 weeks | 3-4 weeks | 3-4 weeks | 18 days | 3 weeks | |
Age of Sexual Maturity | 5-8 months | 8 months | 12 months | 10-12 weeks | 6-10 weeks | 6-10 weeks | 3-4 weeks | 5-6 weeks |
Key Words
- Altricial: newly born young are relatively immobile, have closed eyes, lack hair, and must be cared for by the adults. Altricial young are born helpless and require care for a comparatively long time.
- Precocial: young have open eyes, have hair, large brains and are immediately mobile and somewhat able to defend themselves against predators.
The main reproductive characteristics of the following species:
Exotics
References
- P.L Senger: Pathways to Pregnancy and Parturition,2nd Edition
- David E. Noakes,Timothy J. Parkinson,Gary C. W. England,Geoffrey H. Arthur: Arthur's Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics
- Bairbre O'Malley:Clinical Anatomy and Physiology of Exotic Species
- Dyce, Sack and Wensing: Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy, 3rd Edition
- Konig and Liebich: Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals, 3rd Edition
- Victoria Aspinall, Melanie Cappello: Introduction to Veterinary Anatomy & Physiology
- Gina Bromage: Llamas and Alpacas: A Guide to Management
- R.J. Roberts,Lydia Brown: Aquaculture for Veterinarians - Fish Husbandry and Medicine (Pergamon Veterinary Handbook)
Creators of Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology Pages
- Amy Cartmel (RVC)
- Lois Wilkie (RVC)