Sarcoptic Mange

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Transmission

Puppy with sarcoptic mange
Caroldermoid 2006, Wikimedia Commons
  • Close contact
  • Adults and larvae can be transferred from one skin surface to another

Pathogenesis

  • Erythema with papule formation
  • Scale and crust formation
    • Alopecia
  • Intense pruritus for 1 week
    • Self-inflicted trauma
    • Scab formation
  • Wrinkling and thickening of skin


Sarcoptes scabiei

  • Causes scabies
  • Strains of S. scabiei can be passed between different animals and cause clinical signs although the infection is likely to resolve spontaneously and be unlikely to establish

Diagnosis

  • Skin scraping until capillary blood appears
    • Adults, eggs, immature mites and faecal pellets can be seen microscopically
  • Place material on a microscope slide
  • Add 10% KOH
  • Warm slide over bunsen flame

Treatment

  • Acaricide
    • For more information on acaricides click here
  • Treat both infected and in-contact animals
  • Older products have to be given in repeat treatments
  • Avermectins are effective in farm animals
  • Selamectin is available as a good spot-on for dogs


Dog

  • Sarcoptic Mange is highly contagious
  • Intense pruritus
  • First signs appear at edges of ears, then progresses to muzzle, face and elbows

Cat

  • Is rare

Pig

  • Sarcoptic Mange is an important condition, 35% pigs are asymptomatic carriers
  • First signs of infestation appear on the ears before spreading to the rest of the body
  • Transmission from sow to piglets whilst suckling and from boars to gilts at service
  • Infestation adversely affects productivity
  • Control for pigs:
    • Treat sows before entering the farrowing pen
    • Treat boars at 6 month intervals

Cattle

  • Sarcoptic Mange is most frequently seen in housed cattle
  • Notifiable in USA and Canada
  • Often called 'neck and tail mange' as lesions most often seen on neck and tail
  • Infestation adversely affects productivity

Sheep

  • Sarcoptic Mange is Notifiable in UK
  • Lesions on hairy parts of face
    • E.g. Face, ears, axillae and groin
  • Causes considerable hide damage in local African breeds of long haired sheep

Horse

  • Sarcoptic Mange is Notifiable in UK
  • Lesions begin on head, neck and shoulders then spread to rest of body




Other

  • Caused by Sarcoptes scabiei
  • Highly contagious
  • Mainly in pigs, dogs, also horses, cattle, sheep, goats and cats
  • Intense pruritus due hypersensitivity to mites borrowing through stratum corneum
  • Usually starts with external pinnae -> head -> neck -> generalised
  • Grossly:
  • Microscopically:
    • Hyperplastic, spongiotic, superficial perivascular dermatitis
    • Crusting, eosinophil infiltration
    • Mites are not commonly seen, but eggs and feces may be found in stratumn corneum

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