View source for Pneumovagina in Horses Flashcards

<FlashCard questions="6">
|q1= What is the ideal vulvar conformation for good reproductive health in the horse?
|a1=
*Vulval angle 80⁰ to horizontal
*80% above pelvic brim
*Good seal between vulval lips 
|l1= Pneumovagina - Horses#Signalment
|q2= How does poor vulvar conformation lead to pneumovagina and infection?
|a2= 
*Air enters due to the anterior slope and poor seal of the vulva
*Negative pressure in the tract draws the air in and up towards the uterus
*Faeces can enter the same way
|l2= Pneumovagina - Horses#Pathogenesis
|q3= What is the risk of pneumovagina and poor vulvar conformation to a pregnancy?
|a3= Ascending infection can lead to placentitis which is an important cause of abortion.
|l3= Pneumovagina - Horses#Clinical Signs
|q4= What is the Caslick index and how is it calculated and interpreted?
|a4= 
*The caslick index is a quantitative assessment of vulvar conformation, often used prior to a Caslick’s procedure.
*Calculated by multiplying length of the vulvar commissure by the angle of declination
*Values less than 100 are favoured and those more than 150 are classed as high risk for pneumovagina and infection 
|l4= Pneumovagina - Horses#Diagnosis
|q5=When should a Caslick’s operation be performed and what must be done later on in gestation?
|a5=
*The procedure is performed as soon as ovulation and breeding have been confirmed.
*The sutures MUST be removed 5-10 days prior to parturition to avoid trauma and perineal injury.
|l5= Pneumovagina - Horses#Treatment
|q6= What is Pouret’s operation and when is it used?
|a6=
*A surgery that separates the reproductive tract from the caudal rectum, preventing traction of the vagina and vestibule and allowing more normal positioning of the vulva.
*It is used in very severe cases, often when the Caslick’s has been unsuccessful
|l6= Pneumovagina - Horses#Treatment
</FlashCard>
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