View source for The Formation of the Filtrate by the Glomerular Apparatus - Renal Flash Cards - Anatomy & Physiology

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'''Use the mouse to highlight the answers.  They are written in white.'''


<TABLE BORDER="2" BORDERCOLOR="#6600FF" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="2" WIDTH="80%">
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<TD>'''Question'''</TD>
<TD>'''Answer'''</TD>
<TD>'''Link'''</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>What are the three layers of glomerular filtration barrier?</TD>
<TD>
<FONT  COLOR="#FFFFFF">
* Fenestrated Capillary Endothelium
* Glomerular Basement Membrane
* Podocytes</FONT></TD>
<TD>[[The Formation of the Filtrate by the Glomerular Apparatus- Anatomy & Physiology#Glomerular Filtration| Link]]</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Which of the three layers is the major barrier to protein?</TD>
<TD>
<FONT  COLOR="#FFFFFF">
Glomerular Basement Membrane
</FONT></TD>
<TD>[[The Formation of the Filtrate by the Glomerular Apparatus- Anatomy & Physiology#Glomerular Basement Membrane|Link]]</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Which Factors Determine Selective Filtration?</TD>
<TD>
<FONT  COLOR="#FFFFFF">
* Hydrostatic pressure 
* Molecular size
* Electrical charge
* Protein binding
* Molecular configuration
* Rigidity</FONT></TD>
<TD>[[The Formation of the Filtrate by the Glomerular Apparatus- Anatomy & Physiology#Factors Which Determine Selective Filtration|Link]]</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Substances which are filtered at the same levels as plasma are described at being filtered at what level?</TD>
<TD>
<FONT  COLOR="#FFFFFF">
Isotonic</FONT></TD>
<TD>[[The Formation of the Filtrate by the Glomerular Apparatus- Anatomy & Physiology#Composition of Filtrate|Link]]</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Define Glomerular Filtration Rate.</TD>
<TD>
<FONT  COLOR="#FFFFFF">The glomerular filtration or GFR is the amount of fluid filtered from the capillaries into the Bowmans capsule per unit time.</FONT></TD>
<TD>[[The Formation of the Filtrate by the Glomerular Apparatus- Anatomy & Physiology#Glomerular Filtration Rate|Link]]</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>By which formula can GFR be expressed?</TD>
<TD>
<FONT  COLOR="#FFFFFF">GFR = K<sub>f</sub> x net filtration pressure</FONT></TD>
<TD>[[The Formation of the Filtrate by the Glomerular Apparatus- Anatomy & Physiology#Glomerular Filtration Rate|Link]]</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>What determines renal blood flow and capillary hydrostatic pressure?</TD>
<TD>
<FONT  COLOR="#FFFFFF">Arterial blood pressure coupled with the contraction of both the afferent and efferent arterioles</FONT></TD>
<TD>[[The Formation of the Filtrate by the Glomerular Apparatus- Anatomy & Physiology#Regulation of Renal Blood Flow and Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure|Link]]</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Why is it important that the constriction of the afferent and efferant arterioles changes with blood pressure?</TD>
<TD>
<FONT  COLOR="#FFFFFF">To maintain renal blood flow</FONT></TD>
<TD>[[The Formation of the Filtrate by the Glomerular Apparatus- Anatomy & Physiology#Regulation of Renal Blood Flow and Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure|Link]]</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>What effect does contracting the afferant arteriole have on filtration pressure?</TD>
<TD>
<FONT  COLOR="#FFFFFF">Reduces filtration pressure</FONT></TD>
<TD>[[The Formation of the Filtrate by the Glomerular Apparatus- Anatomy & Physiology#Constriction of the Afferent and Efferent Arterioles|Link]]</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>What are the two mechanisms for pressure autoregulation?</TD>
<TD>
<FONT  COLOR="#FFFFFF">
* The Myogenic Response
* Tubuloglomerular Feedback</FONT></TD>
<TD>[[Autoregulation of GFR - Anatomy and Physiology#Pressure Autoregulation|Link]]</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Which mechanism works by responding to increased stretch in the arterioles by constricting them to a smaller diameter?</TD>
<TD>
<FONT  COLOR="#FFFFFF">The Myogenic Response</FONT></TD>
<TD>[[Autoregulation of GFR - Anatomy and Physiology#Myogenic Response|Link]]</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Which structure in the wall of the distal tubule detects an increase in NaCl when blood pressure increases?</TD>
<TD>
<FONT  COLOR="#FFFFFF">The Macula Densa</FONT></TD>
<TD>[[Reabsorption and Secretion Along the Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct - Anatomy & Physiology#Juxtaglomerular Apparatus|Link]]</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>What is the effect of increased sympathetic activity on the kidneys?</TD>
<TD>
<FONT  COLOR="#FFFFFF">
* Reduced renal blood flow
* Small decrease in excreted waste
* Increased conservation of water and sodium</FONT></TD>
<TD>[[Sympathetic Nervous System effect on Glomerular Filtration Rate|Link]]</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>What is Renal Clearance?</TD>
<TD>
<FONT  COLOR="#FFFFFF">
Renal clearance is the ability of the kidney to remove a compound from the blood</FONT></TD>
<TD>[[The Formation of the Filtrate by the Glomerular Apparatus- Anatomy & Physiology#Renal Clearance|Link]]</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>What other methods of clearance from the body apart from renal are there?</TD>
<TD>
<FONT  COLOR="#FFFFFF">
* Biliary
* Pulmonary 
* Salivary </FONT></TD>
<TD>[[The Formation of the Filtrate by the Glomerular Apparatus- Anatomy & Physiology#Renal Clearance|Link]]</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>For the renal clearance of a substance to represent the GFR which two things must not happen to it as it moves along the nephron?</TD>
<TD>
<FONT  COLOR="#FFFFFF">
It must not be reabsorbed or further secreted </FONT></TD>
<TD>[[The Formation of the Filtrate by the Glomerular Apparatus- Anatomy & Physiology#Renal Clearance and GFR|Link]]</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Name three compounds which can be used to measure GFR from Renal clearance.</TD>
<TD>
<FONT  COLOR="#FFFFFF">
* Inulin
* Creatinine
* Urea</FONT></TD>
<TD>[[The Formation of the Filtrate by the Glomerular Apparatus- Anatomy & Physiology#Determination of GFR from Renal Clearance|Link]]</TD>
</TR>
</table>


[[Category:Urinary System]]