View source for Bovine Papillomaviruses

*2 groups:
#Fibropapillomas: viral DNA sequences, but no virus found
#Epithelial Papillomas: virus found
*Calves most commonly affected
*Usually resolves spontaneously
*Can undergo malignant transformation to alimentary carcinomas
**Usually concurrent with grazing bracken (co-carcinogen) and ingesting quercetin (immunosuppressant)
*Can cause squamous cell carcinoma of the eye in Hereford cattle, where UV light acts as the co-carcinogen

===Papillomatosis===
* Caused by Bovine Papillomaviruses|bovine papilloma virus-4. 
* Usually affects pedunculated structures in [[Reticulum - Anatomy & Physiology|reticulum]]/[[Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|rumen]] of cattle.


===Viral papillomas===

in the pharynx

[[Category:Nasopharynx - Pathology]]
[[Category:Papomaviridae]][[Category:Cattle Viruses]][[Category:Forestomach - Proliferative Pathology]]
[[Category:Respiratory System - Hyperplastic/Neoplastic Pathology]]
[[Category:To_Do_-_Kate]]