View source for Management of Items Contaminated by Urine or Faeces

==Introduction==
[[Housesoiling - Cat|House-soiling]] and [[Indoor Marking - Cat|indoor marking]] can begin for a number of reasons but, once a patter of behaviour has been established, it may continue purely because the cat can detect the trace smell of urine or faeces. This is particularly true in cases of indoor urine marking. Removing these odours is essential to stopping the problem. Given that ongoing damage to property may motivate clients to re-home or euthanise cats it is important to provide information that will help clients to protect their property.

==Removing Urine or Faeces Contamination==
A widely used method of cleaning sites that have been contaminated with urine and faeces is as follows:
Make up 3 sprayer bottles, labelled 1, 2, and 3:
* Sprayer bottle 1: A solution of biological clothes washing powder, or liquid, in water (approximately 1 part of powder/liquid cleaner to 10 parts of water)
* Sprayer bottle 2: Plain water
* Sprayer bottle 3: Surgical spirit (clear surgical spirit, not coloured methylated spirit)

It is best not to use a cloth to clean sites, because this will quickly become contaminated and then acts to transfer odour rather tan remove it. Paper kitchen towel is the best option. The spray bottles and towel should be kept in a dedicated bucket to avoid leaving scent marks where they have been placed on the floor. Having this cleaning kit makes it easier for clients to clean up, and also acts as a reminder that they should look for urine marks and attend to them as quickly as possible.<br>

Each soiled site should be cleaned in the following way:
* Use paper towel to remove any urine and faeces. Dispose of the towel.
* Spray the site with bottle 1 and then wipe clean with paper towel. Dispose of the paper towel. Repeat until there is no visible residue of urine or faeces.
* Spray the site with bottle 2, wipe clean and mop dry with paper towel. Dispose of the paper towel.
* Spray the site with bottle 3, gently wipe clean and allow it to dry completely before allowing the cat to have access to the place that has been cleaned.<br>

The biological cleaning solution in bottle 2 is used because the enzymatic agents in washing powder/liquid is very effective at breakage down proteins and fats that form components of the chemical signals deposited by cats. Surgical spirit held to remove remaining traces of odour chemicals.
To prevent any inadvertent damage to surfaces, this cleaning method should be tested on a small and inconspicuous area of the wallpaper, carpet or fabric. Any curtains or furniture covers that can be removed should be washed according to the manufacturer’s instructions.<br>

Scented products and those containing ammonia should not be used to clean up spray marks because they may intensify urine odours and leave an objectionable smell that encourages over-marking.<br>

'''Frequency of cleaning''':<br>
The owner should draw a diagram of all of the sites in the house where urine and faeces have been found. At the start of treatment, the client should be instructed to clean all sites in a single day, and then repeat this within 2-3 days. A single round of cleaning is not enough to remove all scent, but two house-wide thorough cleaning sessions will usually be enough to substantially reduce odours. This increases the likelihood that other scent-based methods, such as the use of synthetic pheromones, will be likely to be effective.<br>

Owners should then continue to check and clean all sites at least weekly until no urine or faeces have been deposited for several weeks. New deposits should be cleaned immediately, using the same method.

==Protecting Property from Urine Damage==

'''Wooden floors''':<br>
Any joints and junctions between flooring and skirting boards or fitted furniture (kitchen units) should be sealed with a silicone or an appropriate waterproof sealant to prevent urine from getting into cracks. The same applies to joints between panels of laminated flooring (urine ingress will cause panels to expand and pop up). Wooden floors should be pained with two or more coats of a heavy varnish or damp-sealant paint. If possible, the painted or varnished area should be extended to over-paint the sealant and thus create a complete barrier.

'''Concrete floors''':<br>
Concrete floor shoud be cleaned and allowed to dry. Any cracks should be sealed as for wooden floors above. Several coats of waterproofing paint should then be applied.

'''Vinyl floors''':<br>
Some vinyl floors are porous, especially if they are old, and may be sealed using specialist paints and coatings. Cracked vinyl flooring should be removed and replaced.

'''Tiled floors''':<br>
Glazed tiles are generally non-porous but grout between the tiles may absorb urine. Terracotta tiles are porous unless regularly sealed with a specialist coating. Specialist sealant on grout should be used. Scraping out old grout in heavily urine-contaminated areas and replacing it with new waterproof grout is recommended.

'''Carpets''':<br>
Before fitting new carpet, the flooring underneath should be cleaned and sealed as above. Applying a layer of heavy plastic sheeting beneath the carpet or underlay to prevent urine from seeping into the floor may be beneficial. Existing carpets can be protected by covering them with heavy plastic sheeting and then cleaning the carpet underneath at least 2-3 times weekly until no further urine odour persists.

'''Wooden furniture''':<br>
Where possible, appliction of two or more coats of varnish, especially under wooden feet of furniture, will stop urine absorption into wood grain. If this is not possible, regular applications of a heavy wax furniture polish is a good alternative. 

'''Computers and electronic equipment''':<br>
Urine marking or soiling on electrical equipment is a serious health hazard: it can cause fires and electrical failures. Any soiled equipment should be disconnected from the electricity outlet and cleaned carefully in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and dried thoroughly. Any cooking equipment that is impossible to clean thoroughly (e.g. old toasters) should be disposed of, because these represent a health hazard. Equipment currently not in use can be protected by storing in in a cupboard or under plastic sheeting (remembering the need for some equipment to be properly ventilated).

'''Electrical outlets''':<br>
Urine entering a wall socket can cause a fire or shock hazard, so access to the location should be restricted. As an additional protection, outlets can be covered with cling-film or a large flap of polythene hanging down over the socket, taped to the wall above it or alternatively using child proof plug guards.

==Altering Spraying Sites to Make Them Unattractive to the Cat==

* Placing small bowls of food close to the marking location and combining this with an increase in the overall number of feeding stations throughout the house
* Using plastic or aluminium foil sheets to cover flooring around the spray site, as some cats will not tread on this
* Positioning a scratching post in front of the site to provide an alternative method of marking



[[Category:Feline Housesoiling]]
[[Category:Feline Behaviour Management]]
[[Category:JBowen reviewing]]