View source for Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care Medicine: Self-Assessment Color Review, Second Edition, Q&A 18

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|X = showing anaemia causes and performance of a saline agglutination test.
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'''A 4-year-old male neutered Cocker Spaniel presents because of decreased activity and appetite. T = 39.9°C (103.9°F);  HR = 170 bpm; RR = 60 bpm; CRT = 3sec; MM pale yellow and dry; femoral pulse bounding; perfusion hyperdynamic; estimated 6% dehydrated (MM moisture/skin turgor). A II/VI left systolic heart murmur with normal lung sounds are heard on auscultation. Initial database: PCV = 0.14 l/l (14%); TS = 78 g/l (7.8 g/dl); hemolyzed serum; BUN = 16 mmol/l (45 mg/dl); glucose = 5.3 mmol/l (95 mg/dl).'''
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<FlashCard questions="5">
|q1= List at least two pathologic mechanisms that cause anemia.
|a1= Inadequate production of RBCs (e.g. selective erythropoietic depression, insufficient erythropoietin release, bone marrow failure); excessive loss of RBCs (e.g. shortened lifespan, hemorrhage); increased destruction (intravascular or extravascular hemolysis).
|l1= Replace text with name and subsection of relevant WikiVet page if in existence eg. Feather - Anatomy & Physiology#Structure & Function
|q2= What are the RBC morphologic indicators of a regenerative process in anemia?
|a2= Macrocytosis, hypochromia, polychromasia, reticulocytosis.
|l2= Replace text with name and subsection of relevant WikiVet page if in existence eg. Feather - Anatomy & Physiology#Structure & Function
|q3= Fill in the chart above comparing changes seen during acute hemorrhage versus hemolysis.
|a3= Total protein: DOWN  versus  Normal or UP.  Plasma colour: Clear versus Icteric or hemolyzed.  Reticulocyte response (brisk or less brisk): Less brisk (3-5 days) versus  Brisk.   RBC morphology: Normal Polychromasia (after 2 – 7 days) versus Spherocytes/Heinz bodies/eccentrocytes/schistocytes/+/- auto-agglutination. 
|l3= Replace text with name and subsection of relevant WikiVet page if in existence eg. Feather - Anatomy & Physiology#Structure & Function
|q4= List the broad categories of causes of RBC hemolysis.
|a4= Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia; alloimmune hemolysis (also called neonatal isoerytholysis, rare in dogs); microangiopathic/fragmentation hemolysis (DIC, dirofilariasis, neoplasia); metabolic (hypophosphatemia, osmotic lysis); toxins/drugs (acetaminophen, onions, zinc, lead); infection (blood parasites, viral, rickettsial disease); hereditary enzyme deficiencies.
|l4= Replace text with name and subsection of relevant WikiVet page if in existence eg. Feather - Anatomy & Physiology#Structure & Function
|q5= How is a saline agglutination slide test performed, and what does it demonstrate?
|a5= A drop of patient blood is placed on a slide and mixed with a drop of isotonic saline. Macroagglutination is indicated by visualizing clumping of red cells on the slide and microscopic evaluation to distinguish true agglutination from rouleaux formation.
|l5= Replace text with name and subsection of relevant WikiVet page if in existence eg. Feather - Anatomy & Physiology#Structure & Function
</FlashCard>

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