View source for Oropharyngeal anatomy

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|linkpage =WikiQuiz
|linktext = WikiQuiz
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|Review= '''David Bainbridge''' VetMB MA PhD MRCVS <br> '''David Kilroy''' MVB CVMA MRCVS <br> '''Kirstie Pickles''' BVMS MSc Cert EM (Int Med) PhD Dip ECEIM MRCVS Lecturer in Equine Practice





}}{{QuizCat|topic=Anatomy|topicsubcategory=O|system=Alimentary|systemsubcategory=O}}
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="1"
question="Which of the following is not a primary muscle of mastication?"
choice4="Zygomaticus muscle"
choice1="Masseter muscle"
choice5="Digastricus muscle"
choice2="Temporal muscle"
choice3="Pterygoid muscle"
correctchoice="4"
feedback4="'''Correct!''' The zygomaticus muscles purse the lips and are primarily muscles of facial expression. [[Mastication|WikiVet Article: Mastication]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' The masseter muscles are jaw closing muscles and so are important in mastication. They are derived from the first visceral arch and are innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve. They originate from the maxillary region of the skull and zygomatic arch and insert on the caudal side of the mandible. [[Mastication|WikiVet Article: Mastication]]"
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' The digastricus muscles are jaw opening muscles and so are important in mastication. There are two muscle bellies; the cranial muscle belly is derived from the first visceral arch and is innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve and the caudal muscle belly is derived from the second visceral arch and is innervated by the facial nerve. They originate from the paracondylar process of the occipital bone and insert on the angle of the mandible. [[Mastication|WikiVet Article: Mastication]]"
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' The temporal muscles are jaw closing muscles and so are important in mastication. They are derived from the first visceral arch and are innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve. They originate from the lateral surface of the cranium and insert on the coronoid process. [[Mastication|WikiVet Article: Mastication]]"
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' The lateral and medial pterygoid muscles are jaw closing muscles and so are important in mastication. They are derived from the first visceral arch and are innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve. The lateral pterygoid muscle originates from the pterygopalantine region of the skull and inserts on the lateral aspect of the mandible. The medial pterygoid muscle originates from the pterygopalantine region of the skull and inserts on the medial aspect of the mandible. [[Mastication|WikiVet Article: Mastication]]"
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</WikiQuiz> 
 
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="2"
question="Which tongue papillae are particularly well developed in the cat and give the tongue its rough texture?"
choice3="Filiform"
choice4="Conical"
choice2="Foliate"
choice1="Vallate"
choice5="Fungiform"
correctchoice="3"
feedback3="'''Correct!''' Filiform papillae form backward-facing hooks which help hold food and in the cat they are very well developed to provide the abrasiveness needed for self-grooming. These papillae do not have taste buds. [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology#Types of Papillae|WikiVet Article: Tongue]]"
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Conical papillae are found on the caudal third of the tongue interspersed between filiform papillae and they do not have taste buds. They are no more developed in cats than in other species. The correct answer is filiform papillae. [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology#Types of Papillae|WikiVet Article: Tongue]]"
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' Foliate papillae are found on the caudal third of the tongue, either side of the midline and they are covered in taste buds. They are no more developed in cats than in other species. The correct answer is filiform papillae. [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology#Types of Papillae|WikiVet Article: Tongue]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' Vallate (or circumvallate) papillae are large papillae found in a row forming in inverted 'V' towards the base of the tongue, taste buds are found on the side of these papillae. They are no more developed in cats than in other species. The correct answer is filiform papillae. [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology#Types of Papillae|WikiVet Article: Tongue]]"
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Fungiform papillae are the red dots seen on the rostral two thirds of the tongue and they are covered in taste buds. They are no more developed in cats than in other species. The correct answer is filiform papillae. [[Oral Cavity - Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology#Types of Papillae|WikiVet Article: Tongue]]"
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</WikiQuiz> 
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="3"
question="Which two muscles shorten the oropharynx?"
choice2="Pterygopharyngeal and palatopharyngeal muscles"
choice5="Stylopharyngeal and pterygopharyngeal muscles"
choice1="Cricopharyngeal and stylopharyngeal muscles"
choice3="Thyropharyngeal and palatopharyngeal muscles"
choice4="Hyopharyngeal and cricopharyngeal muscle"
correctchoice="2"
feedback2="'''Correct!''' The pterygopharyngeal and palatopharyngeal muscles shorten the oropharynx. [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Muscles that shorten|WikiVet Article: Oropharynx]]"
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Although the pterygopharyngeal muscle does shorten the oropharynx, the stylopharyngeal muscle dilates the oropharynx. The additional muscle which shortens the oropharynx is the palatopharyngeal muscle. [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Muscles that shorten|WikiVet Article: Oropharynx]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' The cricopharyngeal muscle constricts the propharynx and the stylopharyngeal muscle dilates the oropharynx. The pterygopharyngeal and palatopharyngeal muscles shorten the oropharynx. [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Muscles that shorten|WikiVet Article: Oropharynx]]"
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' Although the palatopharyngeal muscle does shorten the oropharynx, the thyropharyngeal muscle constricts the propharynx. The additional muscle that shortens the oropharynx is the pterygopharyngeal muscle. [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Muscles that shorten|WikiVet Article: Oropharynx]]"
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' The hyopharyngeal muscle constricts the propharynx and the cricopharyngeal muscle constricts the propharynx. The pterygopharyngeal and palatopharyngeal muscles shorten the oropharynx. [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Muscles that shorten|WikiVet Article: Oropharynx]]"
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</WikiQuiz> 
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="4"
question="Which part of the domestic mammalian hyoid apparatus articulates with the larynx?"
choice5="Thyrohyoid bone"
choice2="Basihyoid bone"
choice3="Stylohyoid bone"
choice1="Epihyoid bone"
choice4="Keratohyoid bone"
correctchoice="5"
feedback5="'''Correct!''' The paired thyrohyoid bones articulate with the thyroid cartilage of the larynx. [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology#The hyoid bones|WikiVet Article: Hyoid apparatus]]"
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' The paired thyrohyoid bones articulate with the thyroid cartilage of the larynx. [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology#The hyoid bones|WikiVet Article: Hyoid apparatus]]"
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' The paired thyrohyoid bones articulate with the thyroid cartilage of the larynx. [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology#The hyoid bones|WikiVet Article: Hyoid apparatus]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' The paired thyrohyoid bones articulate with the thyroid cartilage of the larynx. [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology#The hyoid bones|WikiVet Article: Hyoid apparatus]]"
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' The paired thyrohyoid bones articulate with the thyroid cartilage of the larynx. [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology#The hyoid bones |WikiVet Article: Hyoid apparatus]]"
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</WikiQuiz> 
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="5"
question="Which hyoid bone has a lingual process in horses, ruminants and pigs?"
choice5="Basihyoid bone"
choice1="Epihyoid bone"
choice4="Stylohyoid bone"
choice2="Keratohyoid bone"
choice3="Thyrohyoid bone"
correctchoice="5"
feedback5="'''Correct!''' The basihyoid bone has a lingual process which protrudes into the roof of the tongue in horses, ruminants and pigs. It is particularly small in pigs. [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology#Species Differences|WikiVet Article: Hyoid apparatus]]."
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' The epihyoid bone does not have a lingual process. The basihyoid bone has a lingual process which protrudes into the roof of the tongue in horses, ruminants and pigs. It is particularly small in pigs. [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology#Species Differences|WikiVet Article: Hyoid apparatus]]."
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' The stylohyoid bone does not have a lingual process. The basihyoid bone has a lingual process which protrudes into the roof of the tongue in horses, ruminants and pigs. It is particularly small in pigs. [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology#Species Differences|WikiVet Article: Hyoid apparatus]]."
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' The keratohyoid bone does not have a lingual process. The basihyoid bone has a lingual process which protrudes into the roof of the tongue in horses, ruminants and pigs. It is particularly small in pigs. [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology#Species Differences|WikiVet Article: Hyoid apparatus]]."
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' The thyrohyoid bone does not have a lingual process. The basihyoid bone has a lingual process which protrudes into the roof of the tongue in horses, ruminants and pigs. It is particularly small in pigs. [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology#Species Differences |WikiVet Article: Hyoid apparatus]]."
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</WikiQuiz> 
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="6"
question="Which laryngeal muscle is the principle abductor of the arytenoids?"
choice5="Dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle"
choice1="Cricothyroid muscle"
choice2="Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle"
choice4="Thyroarytenoid muscle"
choice3="Transverse arytenoid muscle"
correctchoice="5"
feedback5="'''Correct!''' Contraction of the dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle dilates the larynx by abducting the arytenoid cartilage and therefore the vocal cords. [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: Larynx]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' The cricothyroid muscle moves cricoid and arytenoid cartilages caudally thereby tensing the vocal folds. Contraction of the dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle dilates the larynx by abducting the arytenoid cartilage and therefore the vocal cords. [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: Larynx]]"
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' The lateral cricoarytenoid muscle adducts the vocal processes thereby narrowing the glottis. Contraction of the dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle dilates the larynx by abducting the arytenoid cartilage and therefore the vocal cords. [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: Larynx]]"
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' The thyroarytenoid muscle alters the tension of the vocal and vestibular folds. Contraction of the dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle dilates the larynx by abducting the arytenoid cartilage and therefore the vocal cords. [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: Larynx]]"
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' The transverse arytenoid muscle passes between the two arytenoid cartilages and it narrows the glottis. Contraction of the dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle dilates the larynx by abducting the arytenoid cartilage and therefore the vocal cords. [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: Larynx]]"
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</WikiQuiz> 
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="7"
question="Which laryngeal cartilage is ring-shaped?"
choice3="Cricoid cartilage"
choice5="Thyroid cartilage"
choice4="Arytenoid cartilage"
choice2="Epiglottic cartilage"
choice1="Interarytenoid cartilage"
correctchoice="3"
feedback3="'''Correct!''' The cricoid cartilage is ring-shaped. [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: Larynx]]"
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' The thyroid cartilage forms most of the floor of the larynx. It is the cricoid cartilage which is ring-shaped. [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: Larynx]]"."
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' The arytenoid cartilages are a pair of triangular shaped cartilages which articulate with the rostral part of the ring-shaped cricoid cartilage. [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: Larynx]]"
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' The epiglottic cartilage is leaf-shaped and is the most rostral cartilage of the larynx. It is the cricoid cartilage which is ring-shaped. [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: Larynx]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' The interarytenoid cartilage is a nodule of hyaline cartilage found between the arytenoid cartilages dorsally. It is the cricoid cartilage which is ring-shaped. [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|WikiVet Article: Larynx]]"
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</WikiQuiz> 
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="8"
question="What is the permanent dental formula of a dog?"
choice4="2 (I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M2/3)"
choice5="2 (I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M3/2)"
choice2="2 (I3/3 C1/1 P3/3 M2/3)"
choice3="2 (I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M3/3)"
choice1="2 (I3/3 C1/1 P3/3 M3/2)"
correctchoice="4"
feedback4="'''Correct!''' Dogs have three upper and three lower incisors, one upper and one lower canine, four upper and four lower premolars and two upper and three lower molars in each half of their mouth. [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology#The Dog|WikiVet Article: Teeth]]"
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' The incisors, canines and premolars are correct but dogs have two upper and three lower molars in each half of their mouth. The dental formula should read 2 (I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M2/3). [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology#The Dog|WikiVet Article: Teeth]]"
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' The incisors, canines and molars are correct but dogs have four upper and four lower premolars in each half of their mouth. The dental formula should read 2 (I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M2/3). [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology#The Dog |WikiVet Article: Teeth]]"
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' The incisors, canines and premolars are correct but dogs have two upper and three lower molars in each half of their mouth. The dental formula should read 2 (I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M2/3). [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology#The Dog|WikiVet Article:Teeth]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' The incisors and canines are correct but dogs have four upper and four lower premolars and two upper and three lower molars in each half of their mouth. The dental formula should read 2 (I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M2/3). [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology#The Dog|WikiVet Article: Teeth]]"
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</WikiQuiz> 
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="9"
question="What is the permanent dental formula of a cat?"
choice3="2 ( I 3/3, C 1/1, P 3/2, M 1/1)"
choice5="2 ( I 3/3, C 1/1, P 2/3, M 1/1)"
choice2="2 ( I 3/3, C 1/1, P 3/3, M 1/1)"
choice1="2 (I 3/3, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 1/1)"
choice4="2 ( I 3/3, C 1/1, P 3/2, M 2/2"
correctchoice="3"
feedback3="'''Correct!''' Cats have three upper and three lower incisors, one upper and one lower canine, three upper and two lower premolars and one upper and one lower molar in each half of their mouth. [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology#The Cat|WikiVet Article: Teeth]]"
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' The incisors, canines and molars are correct but cats have three upper and two lower premolars in each half of their mouth. The dental formula should read 2 (I3/3 C1/1 P3/2 M1/1). [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology#The Cat|WikiVet Article: Teeth]]"
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' The incisors, canines and molars are correct but cats have three upper and two lower premolars in each half of their mouth. The dental formula should read 2 (I3/3 C1/1 P3/2 M1/1). [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology#The Cat|WikiVet Article: Teeth]]"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' The incisors, canines and molars are correct but cats have three upper and two lower premolars in each half of their mouth. The dental formula should read 2 (I3/3 C1/1 P3/2 M1/1). [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology#The Cat|WikiVet Article: Teeth]]"
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' The incisors, canines and premolars are correct but cats have one upper and one lower molar in each half of their mouth. The dental formula should read 2 (I3/3 C1/1 P3/2 M1/1). [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology#The Cat|WikiVet Article: Teeth]]"
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</WikiQuiz> 
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="10"
question="You are performing a dental on an eight year old dog in your practice and you decide to extract the dog's upper right second premolar. How would you identify this tooth using the modified Triadan system?"
choice2="106"
choice3="407"
choice4="307"
choice1="206"
choice5="506"
correctchoice="2"
feedback2="'''Correct!''' This digit 1 denotes the quadrant i.e. the right upper permanent quadrant. Digits 0 and 6 denote the tooth position within the quadrant and the second premolar is the sixth tooth along from the midline.Link to Relevant Site"
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' This is the lower right second premolar. The correct answer is 106. [[http://www.rvc.ac.uk/review/dentistry/Basics/triadan/dog.html| Link to Veterinary Dentistry]]"
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' This is the lower left second premolar. The correct answer is 106. Link to Relevant Site"
feedback1="'''Incorrect.''' This is the upper left second premolar. The correct answer is 106. Link to Relevant Site"
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' This number correctly identifies the upper right second premolar, but the digit 5denotes the right upper deciduous quadrant and since this is an eight year old dog it will have permanenet teeth. The correct answer is 106. Link to Relevant Site"
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</WikiQuiz>
<WikiQuiz
questionnumber="11" 
question="What is the permanent dental formula of a horse?" 
choice1="2 (I 3/ 3, C 1/ 1, P 3-4/ 3, M 3/ 3)" 
choice2="2 ( I 3/ 3, C 1/ 1, P 4/ 4 M 3/ 3)" 
choice5="2 ( I 3/ 3, C 1/ 1, P 3-4/ 3, M 4/ 4)" 
choice4="2 (I 3/ 3, C 1/ 1, P 3/ 3, M 3/ 3)" 
choice3="2 ( I 3/ 3, C 1/ 1, P 3/ 3-4, M 4/ 4)" 
correctchoice="1" 
feedback1="'''Correct!''' In the horse, upper premolar one, or the wolf tooth, is often lacking, hence the upper dental formula of P 3-4. Horses have three upper and three lower molar teeth on each side, which work in a unit along with their premolars. Females usually don't have canines so the formula is often written 1(0)/ 1(0) for mares. [[ttp:/ / Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology#The Horse|WikiVet Article: dental formula. ]]" 
feedback2="'''Incorrect.''' The horse only has three lower premolars but usually has an extra upper premolar i.e. premolar one or the wolf tooth. The dental formula should read 2 (I 3/ 3, C 1/ 1, P 3-4/ 3, M 3/ 3).Females usually don't have canines so the formula is often written 1(0)/ 1(0) for mares. [[ttp:/ / Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology#The Horse|WikiVet Article: dental formula.]]" 
feedback5="'''Incorrect.''' Horses have three lower and three upper molars. The dental formula should read 2 (I 3/ 3, C 1/ 1, P 3-4/ 3, M 3/ 3). Females usually don't have canines so the formula is often written 1(0)/ 1(0) for mares. [[ttp:/ / Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology#The Horse|WikiVet Article: dental formula.]]" 
feedback4="'''Incorrect.''' Although this dental formula may be correct for many horses, most horses have an extra upper premolar i.e. premolar one, or the wolf tooth. The dental formula should read 2 (I 3/ 3, C 1/ 1, P 3-4/ 3, M 3/ 3). Females usually don't have canines so the formula is often written 1(0)/ 1(0) for mares. [[ttp:/ / Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology#The Horse|WikiVet Article: dental formula.]]" 
feedback3="'''Incorrect.''' The horse only has three lower premolars but usually has an extra upper premolar i.e. premolar one, or the wolf tooth. Also horses have three lower and three upper premolars so thedental formula should read 2 (I 3/ 3, C 1/ 1, P 3-4/ 3, M 3/ 3). Females usually don't have canines so the formula is often written 1(0)/ 1(0) for mares. [[ttp:/ / Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology#The Horse|WikiVet Article: dental formula.]]" 
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</WikiQuiz>