View source for Systemic Mycoses - Flashcards

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|backcolour = f5fffa
|linkpage =Systemic Mycoses
|linktext =SYSTEMIC MYCOSES
|sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBugs
|subtext1 =WIKIBUGS FLASHCARDS
|pagetype =Bugs
}}
==<font color="purple">Adiaspiromycosis</font>==
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
!width="400"|'''Question'''
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
!width="150"|'''Article'''
|-
|<big>'''What is the pathogenesis of an adiaspiromycosis infection?'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''Non-contageous'''''
*'''''Pulmonary mycosis'''''
*'''''Respiratory infection'''''
||[[Adiaspiromycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|-
|<big>'''Which animals are mostly affected?'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''Rodents'''''
*'''''Small animals'''''
||[[Adiaspiromycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|}
<br>

==<font color="purple">Aspergillosis</font>==
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
!width="400"|'''Question'''
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
!width="150"|'''Article'''
|-
|<big>'''Fill in the missing words about aspergillosis infections'''
||<big>Aspergiollosis is found <font color="white">'''''worldwide'''''</font>. It is widely present in <font color="white">'''''nature'''''</font> and can colonise a <font color="white">'''''wide'''''</font> range of substrates under <font color="white">'''''different'''''</font> environmental conditions. It is abundant in <font color="white">'''''hay, straw'''''</font> and <font color="white">'''''grain'''''</font> which have <font color="white">'''''heated'''''</font> during storage.
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|-
|<big>'''What are the clinical signs of infection in birds?'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''Diarrhoea'''''
*'''''Listlessness'''''
*'''''Pyrexia'''''
*'''''Loss of appetite'''''
*'''''Loss of condition'''''
*'''''Convulsions'''''
*'''''Death'''''
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|-
|<big>'''What do aspergillosis lesions look like in cattle?'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''Up to 2mm in diameter'''''
*'''''Lesions contain asteroid bodies with a germinated spore in the centre'''''
*'''''Miliary lesions in acute infections'''''
*'''''Granulomatous and calcified lesions in chronic infections'''''
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|-
|<big>'''What diseases does aspergillosis infections cause in horses?'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''Gutteral pouch mycosis'''''
*'''''Chronic obstructive pulmonary airway disease (COPD)'''''
*'''''Mycotic abortion'''''
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|-
|<big>'''What do colonies look like on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar?'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''White colonies initially'''''
*'''''Colonies turn green and then dark green'''''
*'''''Flat and velvety'''''
*'''''Colony colour varies with species'''''
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|-
|<big>'''How would you treat an infection of aspergillosis?'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''Surgery'''''
*'''''Antifungal drugs'''''
**'''''Ketoconazole'''''
**'''''Nystatin'''''
**'''''Amphotericin B'''''
**'''''5-fluorocytosine'''''
**'''''Thiabendazole'''''
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|}
<br>
==<font color="purple">Blastomycosis</font>==
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
!width="400"|'''Question'''
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
!width="150"|'''Article'''
|-
|<big>'''Describe the pathogenesis of a blastomycosis infection?'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''Respiratory infection'''''
*'''''Lesions start in the lungs'''''
*'''''Haematogenous dissemination'''''
*'''''Can be found in lesions in the eyes, brain, bones, skin and genitalia'''''
*'''''Fatal if not treated'''''
*'''''Skin lesions may ulcerate forming granulomatous nodules'''''
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|-
|<big>'''What do colonies look like on Blood agar?'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''Cream coloured'''''
*'''''Waxy'''''
*'''''Crinkled'''''
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|-
|<big>'''What do colonies look like on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar?'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''Grey coloured'''''
*'''''Moist'''''
*'''''White cotton-like mycelium which turns tan, brown and then black'''''
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|-
|<big>'''How would you diagnose an infection?'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''Clinical signs'''''
*'''''Complement fixation test'''''
*'''''ELISA'''''
*'''''Counterimmunoelectrophoresis'''''
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|-
|<big>'''How would you treat an infection?'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''Amphotericin B'''''
*'''''Imidazoles'''''
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|}
<br>
==<font color="purple">Coccidioidomycosis</font>==
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
!width="400"|'''Question'''
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
!width="150"|'''Article'''
|-
|<big>'''What environmental conditions does ''Coccidioides immitis'' prefer?'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''Arid'''''
*'''''Dusty'''''
*'''''E.g. Mexico and the South-Western USA'''''
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Coccidioidomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|-
|<big>'''Describe the pathogenesis of coccidiomycosis infections?'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''Respiratory infection'''''
*'''''Causes localised nodules and granulomas'''''
*'''''Lesions usually seen in the mediastinal lymph nodes and lungs'''''
*'''''Dissemination can occur to the lungs, liver, spleen, brain and bones'''''
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Coccidioidomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|-
|<big>'''How would you diagnose an infection?'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''Clinical signs'''''
*'''''Complement fixation test'''''
*'''''Latex agglutination'''''
*'''''Immunodiffusion'''''
*'''''A positive skin test indicates exposure'''''
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Coccidioidomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|}
<br>
==<font color="purple">Entomophthoromycisus</font>==
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
!width="400"|'''Question'''
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
!width="150"|'''Article'''
|-
|<big>'''What clinical signs present with an infection of entomophthoromycisus?'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''Ulcerative granulomas in subcutaneous tissue'''''
*'''''Large lesions affecting the skin on the head, neck and chest which have fistulous tracts extending to the lymph nodes'''''
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Entomophthoromycisus|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|-
|<big>'''How would you treat an infection?'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''Surgical excision'''''
*'''''Amphotericin B'''''
*'''''Ketoconazole'''''
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Entomophthoromycisus|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|}
<br>
==<font color="purple">Histoplasmosis</font>==
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
!width="400"|'''Question'''
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
!width="150"|'''Article'''
|-
|<big>'''True or False: Histoplasmosis infections occur solely through ingestion of fungal spores'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''False'''''
*'''''Infection is through both ingestion and respiratory'''''
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|-
|<big>'''Which organs/bodily systems are affected?'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''Reticuloendothelial'''''
*'''''Pulmonary'''''
*'''''Intestinal'''''
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|-
|<big>'''Histoplasma capsulatum are found intracellularly in which type of cell?'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''Macrophages'''''
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|-
|<big>'''How would you diagnose an infection?'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''Clinical signs'''''
*'''''Complement fixation test'''''
*'''''Counterimmunoelectrodiffusion'''''
*'''''Immunodiffusion'''''
*'''''A positive skin test indicates exposure only (not an active infection)'''''
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|-
|<big>'''How would you treat an infection?'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''Amphotericin B'''''
*'''''If Amphotericin B is contra-indicated, imidazoles can be given'''''
*'''''In acute and disseminated cases, the prognosis is poor'''''
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|}
<br>

==<font color="purple">Zygomycosis</font>==
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
!width="400"|'''Question'''
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
!width="150"|'''Article'''
|-
|<big>'''Which fungi cause zygomycosis?'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''Mucor'''''
*'''''Absidia'''''
*'''''Rhizopus'''''
*'''''Mortierella'''''
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|-
|<big>'''Describe the general pathogenesis of zygomycosis infections?'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''Infection is through inhalation and ingestion'''''
*'''''Lymph nodes of the repiratory and ailimentary tract are infected'''''
*'''''Lymph nodes enlarge and become caseous'''''
*'''''Causes stomach and intestinal ulcers'''''
*'''''Lesions are usually localised (can become generalised)'''''
*'''''Granulomatous lesions can ulcerate'''''
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|-
|<big>'''Where do lesions occur in pigs?'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''Mediastinal and submandibular lymph nodes'''''
*'''''Stomach ulcers'''''
*'''''Embolic tumours in the lungs and liver'''''
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|-
|<big>'''Where do lesions occur in cattle?'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''Mediastinal, bronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes'''''
*'''''Ulcers in the nasal cavity and abomasum'''''
*'''''Can contaminate the placenta'''''
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|-
|<big>'''True or False: Zygomycosis are common labaratory contaminants'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''True'''''
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|-
|<big>'''How would you treat an infection'''
||<font color="white"> <big>
*'''''Amphotericin B'''''
*'''''Surgical excision'''''
||[[Systemic Mycoses#Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
|}