View source for Cyclophyllidea Structure and Function

*Cyclophyllidean tapeworms have four circular suckers around the scolex (head). Some species also have hooks on the suckers, and these species are said to be ‘armed’. They also consist of a short unsegmented neck and a chain of segments.

*Most cyclophyllidean species live in the small intestine. New segments bud off from behind the scolex. These do not have an alimentary tract, but absorb nutrients across the body surface. This is covered by a tegument which is like that as for trematodes, but has a microthrix (minute finger-like projections) to increase surface area. Below the tegument are muscle cells and the parenchyma – a syncitium of cells, which fills the space between the organs. The nervous system consists of ganglia in the scolex, from which nerves enter the strobila. The excretory system is composed of flame cells leading to efferent canals, which run through the strobila to discharge at the terminal segment.
[[Image:Taenia proglottid.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Taenia proglottid'' <br> CDC/ Dr. Mae Melvin 1974, WikiMedia Commons]]
*Each segment develops male and female organs, but they usually cross-fertilise. The genital pores are lateral. The proglottids become sexually mature as they pass down the strobila. As the segment matures, its internal structure largely disappears and the gravid proglottid eventually only contains remnants of the branched uterus packed with eggs. The ‘gravid’ (that is to say, pregnant) segments at the end of the chain may contain greater than 100,000 eggs. In general, one or two segments drop off daily to exit the animal by their own mobility or to be swept out with the faeces. The gravid segments are shed intact from the strobila. 

*Outside the body, the eggs are freed by disintegration of the segment, or are shed through the genital pore. Each egg is immediately infective and contains a tapeworm larva with six hooks (the oncosphere), surrounded by a thick, dark ‘shell’ made of numerous blocks (giving a striated appearance when viewed under the microscope). A true shell, which is a delicate membrane, is often lost while still in the uterus.