View source for Small Animal Dermatology Q&A 09

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'''A cat was presented for lameness. Note the swollen skin around the base of the nails.'''

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<FlashCard questions="3">
|q1=What is this condition called, and what are the most common causes of this condition in the cat?
|a1=
Paronychia. The most common causes of paronychia in the cat are 
*trauma, 
*dermatophytosis, 
*''Malassezia'' dermatitis, 
*demodicosis, 
*''Notoedres'' mites, and 
*PF.
|l1=Paronychia
|q2= What diagnostic tests are indicated?
|a2=
A Wood’s lamp examination is optional, but a dermatophyte culture should be prepared. Exudate from the nail base should be collected, smeared on a glass microscope slide, heat fixed, and stained. <br><br>
Malassezia dermatitis is an under-recognized skin disease in cats, and the most common presentation is an accumulation of black debris under the nail. <br><br>
Bacterial culture and sensitivity should also be done, along with a skin scraping using mineral oil to look for mites. A skin biopsy may be needed for a definitive diagnosis.
|l2=Paronychia#Diagnosis
|q3=A smear of the exudate from the nail bed is shown. How could these findings be described, and what is the most likely diagnosis?
|a3=
*There is neutrophilic inflammatory exudate with large basophilic epithelial cells. 
*These cells are compatible with what would be described as ‘acantholytic cells’. 
*These are epidermal cells from the stratum spinosum that have been shed into the pustular exudate. 
*These cells are often seen in patients with PF and in patients with severe deep pyoderma. 
*In PF, the cells are usually very numerous and often present in rafts of 6–8 cells. 
*In patients with deep pyoderma, the number of cells adhered together are fewer, often just two or three. <br><br>
This was a case of paronychia due to a ''Microsporum canis'' infection.
|l3=Dermatophytic Pseudomycetoma
</FlashCard>

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