| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| − | {{review}}
| + | #REDIRECT[[:Category:Cardiovascular Diseases - Dog]] |
| − | {{toplink
| |
| − | |backcolour =
| |
| − | |linkpage =Cardiology - WikiClinical
| |
| − | |linktext =Cardiology
| |
| − | |sublink1=Cardiovascular Conditions - WikiClinical
| |
| − | |subtext1=CARDIOVASCULAR CONDITIONS
| |
| − | |maplink1= Cardiovascular Conditions (Content Map) - WikiClinical
| |
| − | |pagetype=Clinical
| |
| − | }}
| |
| − | <br>
| |
| − | {{dog}}{{cat}}
| |
| − | ==[[Hypertension, Systemic]]==
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===[[Pulmonary Hypertension]]===
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==[[Thrombosis]]==
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==[[Thromboembolism]]==
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==Arteriovenous Fistula==
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Description===
| |
| − | | |
| − | *As the name implies, an arteriovenous fistula is an abnormal direct connection between an artery and a vein. This connection causes the capillary circulation to be completely ignored. We will concentrate on peripheral fistulas here.
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | '''The consequences of an arteriovenous fistula are the following:'''
| |
| − | | |
| − | 1. Increased blood return to the right heart raises cardiac output
| |
| − | | |
| − | 2. Decreased blood perfusion at the affected site
| |
| − | | |
| − | 3. Venous hypertension
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | *Predisposing causes of arteriovenous fistula formations are: trauma, surgery, neoplasia, etc.
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===Diagnosis===
| |
| − | | |
| − | ====History & Clinical Signs====
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Signs depend on where the AV fistula has formed.
| |
| − | | |
| − | -Subcutaneous edema | |
| − | | |
| − | -Warm Swelling
| |
| − | | |
| − | -Inflammation
| |
| − | | |
| − | -Pain +/-
| |
| − | | |
| − | -Palpable vibration (thrill) over fistula
| |
| − | | |
| − | -Increased pulse & heart rate
| |
| − | | |
| − | -Audible continuous murmur over the fistula site
| |
| − | | |
| − | -Branham sign (decreased heart rate with surgical occlusion of blood flow to fistula)
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ====Angiography====
| |
| − | | |
| − | -Abnormal direct connection between an artery and a vein
| |
| − | | |
| − |
| |
| − | ====Ultrasonography====
| |
| − | | |
| − | -Abnormal flow visualized
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===Treatment===
| |
| − | | |
| − | -Surgical ligation of abnormal vessels to and from the fistula area
| |
| − | | |
| − | -(+/-) Amputation
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===Prognosis===
| |
| − | | |
| − | -Good with complete ligation and cessation of blood flow through the fistula
| |
| − | | |
| − | -Poor if surgical ligation is unsuccessful at stopping blood flow through the fistula
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==Vasculitis==
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Description===
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Vasculitis is an inflammatory disease of the vessels.
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Causes of vessel inflammation are due to the following: neoplasia, infection, toxins, drug reactions, trauma, drug reactions, hypersensativity reactions etc.
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===Diagnosis===
| |
| − | | |
| − | ====History & Clinical Signs====
| |
| − | | |
| − | -Heat
| |
| − | | |
| − | -Edema
| |
| − | | |
| − | -Pain
| |
| − | | |
| − | -Petechiation
| |
| − | | |
| − | -Thrombosis
| |
| − | | |
| − | -Hemolysis
| |