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| − | ==Blood samples==
| + | #REDIRECT[[:Category:Pathological Sample Collection]] |
| − | When collecting blood samples, fill tubes containing anticoagulant to the fill line and mix gently immediately after collection. Vacutainers can be used for large animal blood sample collection, and a needle and syringe for small animals. The jugular vein is the preferred collection site using a wide bore needle to prevent haemolysis of the blood from using excessive suction during collection. The cephalic and saphenous veins are alternative venipuncture sites. Ensure the venipuncture site is clean and swabbed, wear gloves and ensure you have adequate restraint prior to collecting a blood sample.
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| − | Always label your sample tubes with permanent marker immediately with the animal's details and the date and time of collection. Serum samples can be processed by allowing the blood to clot in an upright position and removing the serum from the tube prior to sending the sample for analysis to avoid haemolysis (bursting of the red blood cells into the serum) during transit. A more ideal method of serum separation is to centrifuge the sample -balance the centrifuge by adding a tube filled with the same volume of fluid in the opposite well in the centrifuge for safety.
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| − | The following table is a guide to the sample type required for some specific laboratory tests - seek guidance from your processing laboratory for confirmation of sample requirements, which can vary depending on the equipment used to analyse the sample.
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| − | {|border="2" width="800px" align="center" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4" rules="all" style="margin:1em 1em 1em 0; border:solid 1px #AAAAAA; border-collapse:collapse;empty-cells:show"
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| − | !bgcolor="#A7C1F2" width="180px"|Test Required
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| − | !bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Sample Required
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| − | !bgcolor="#A7C1F2"|Comments
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Haematology
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|EDTA
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Mix gently immediately after collection
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|Biochemistry
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| − | |Serum
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| − | |Centrifuge after permitting sufficient clotting time (min 2 hours)
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|Fibrinogen
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| − | |Citrate
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| − | |Mix gently immediately after collection
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|SAA
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Serum
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Needs to be processed quickly as the half life is very short
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Electrolytes
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Heparin
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Mix gently immediately after collection
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|Glucose
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| − | |Fluoride oxalate
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| − | |Can use fresh whole blood if tested immediately
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Insulin
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Serum
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Fasting sample required
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|Prothrombin clotting time
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| − | |Citrate
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| − | |A normal sample is required for comparison
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|Progesterone
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| − | |Serum
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|Oestrone Sulphate
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| − | |Serum
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Testosterone
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Serum
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Request Testosterone before Inhibin for GCTs
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|IgG
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Serum
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Measurement techniques vary so check sample requirements
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|ACTH
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|EDTA plasma
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"| Freeze plasma as soon after collection as poss (max 2 hours)
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Selenium
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Heparin/Serum
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Send Heparin for deficiency testing, serum for toxicity testing.
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|Zinc
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| − | |Serum
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| − | |Avoid using tubes with a rubber bung
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left" bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Drugs testing
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Serum or Heparin
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| − | |bgcolor="#F2F2F2"|Send to HFL
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|Virus Titres e.g. EHV
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| − | |Serum
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| − | |Take 2 samples 14 days apart (freeze 1st)
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|Tapeworm ELISA
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| − | |Serum
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| − | |-
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| − | !align="left"|Fractional Excretion test
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| − | |Serum and urine
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| − | |Collect both samples simultaneously if possible and do not permit
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| − | food or fluids until both are collected
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| − | |-
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| − | |}
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| − | ==Bacteriology Samples==
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| − | ==Skin Scrapes==
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| − | ==Urine Samples==
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| − | ==Peritoneal and Joint taps==
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| − | ==Tracheal Washes and BALs==
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| − | ==WECs==
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| − | ==Sending Samples by Post==
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| − | There are some absolute requirements for sending samples through the UK postal system. Blood samples cannot be poted outside the UK without an export license - use a large lab to send your sample as they will have the required licensing.
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| − | Packaging samples shoudl follow the guidleined required by Royal Mail, namely:
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| − | *The maximum weight or volume permitted in any one package of diagnostic specimens is 50g/50ml. Samples that exeed this limit need to be packaged into several smaller packages rather than one large one.
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| − | *Use leak proof containers – seal the lid with a little parafilm or tape to ensure this. Label the sample accurately and in permanent ink icluding the sample type (e.g. blood, urine etc). Make sure samples preserved in Formalin are marked as such (in case of breakage during transport).
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| − | *Package the sample with sufficient tissue paper or cotton wool to absorb the entire contents of the sample should there be a leak whilst in transit. Always package bloods tubes/containers individually so they are kept separate from one another.
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| − | *Seal your wrapped sample in a separate outer packaging that is leak proof such as a sealable plastic bag.
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| − | *Place the sample and the lab request form into an envelope or jiffy bag that is clearly labelled in permanent ink ‘Diagnostic Specimen’.
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| − | *It is good practise (but not required) to add a returns address so that the practice can be contacted in the event of any problems.
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| − | [[Category:Blood Samples]] | |
| − | [[Category:WikiPath]]
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