Difference between revisions of "Lungs Developmental - Pathology"

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#REDIRECT[[:Category:Lungs - Developmental Pathology]]
 
 
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|linkpage =Cardiorespiratory System - Pathology
 
|linktext =Cardiorespiratory System
 
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*Congenital abnormalities of lungs are very rare, but most common in cattle
 
*Most congenital abnormalities are incompatible with life
 
 
 
 
 
===Accessory lungs===
 
 
 
*Most common developmental disorder, especially in cattle
 
*Incompletely differentiated pulmonary tissue present anywhere in the trunk
 
*Grossly:
 
**Lobulated oedematous masses
 
**May be connected to uper alimentary tract
 
*Histologically:
 
**Dialated structures resembling bronchioles
 
**Alveoli and ducts developed to varying degree
 
*May cause birthing difficulties
 
 
 
 
 
===Ciliary dyskinesia===
 
 
 
*See [[Nasal Cavity Developmental - Pathology#Ciliary dyskinesia|Nasal cavity]]
 
 
 
 
 
===Congenital melanosis===
 
 
 
*Affects pigs and ruminants
 
*Is not clinically significant, often found at slaughter house
 
*Black spots in various organs, including lungs
 
*See [[Pigmentation and Calcification - Pathology#Melanin|melanosis in general pathology]]
 
 
 
 
 
===Congenital atelectasis===
 
 
 
*Incomplete expansion of the lung at birth (congenital) or collapse of previously air-filled lung ([[Lungs Ventilation - Pathology#Atelectasis (Collapse)|acquired]])
 
*Failure of lung tissue to expand at birth
 
*Ranges from total in stillborn animals to patchy areas in the case of weak neonates, showing more in the dependant lobes in recumbency
 
*'''The neonatal respiratory syndrome'''
 
**Best documented in foals but reported in other species
 
**Also features extensive atelectasis
 
**These animals are called 'barkers' due to the noise made during forced expiration
 
*Gross pathology:
 
**Red fleshy appearance to the affected part, depressed below the surface if there are adjacent normal aerated areas
 
**Cut surface oozes blood, perhaps some froth in 'barkers'
 
**Affected areas sink or are submerged in fixative
 
*Micro pathology:  
 
**Close approximation of capillary walls
 
**Little normal alveolar pattern
 
**'Barkers' may have a proteinaceous fluid in alveoli with hyaline membranes in lower airways
 
*Cause:
 
**In weak neonates -inadequate respiratory effort or damage to the respiratory centres in the brain, aspiration of amniotic fluid or meconium
 
**In 'barkers'- defective production of surfactant by the Type 2 alveolar epithelium
 
*Foals that survive may have hypoxic damage to their brain, walk aimlessly and lack normal sense of fear - "wanderers"
 
 
 
 
 
===Congenital lobar emphysema===
 
 
 
*See [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Developmental - Pathology#Congenital lobar emphysema|congenital lobar emphysema]]
 
 
 
 
 
===Pulmonary hypoplasia===
 
 
 
*Mostly associated with [[Peritoneal Cavity Developmental - Pathology#Pleuroperitoneal diaphragmatic hernia|congenital diaphragmatic hernia]]
 
 
 
 
 
===Congenital alveolar dysplasia===
 
 
 
*Most common in dogs
 
*Grossly:
 
**Lungs retain fetal appearance and are poorly aerated
 
*Histologically:
 
**Uneven size and shape of alveoli, smaller number overall
 
**Dilated blood vessels within extensive interstitial tissue
 
*It is possible that in utero infection may contribute to this
 

Latest revision as of 16:58, 19 February 2011