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** Usually the result of dietary imbalance.
** Usually the result of dietary imbalance.
** Produces metastatic vascular calcification.
** Produces metastatic vascular calcification.
* Hypercalcaemia should not be ignored in an unwell animal.
** The consequences of hypercalcaemia may be serious: prolonged untreated hypercalcaemia can lead to irreversible damage to many organs, particularly the kidneys.
** There are multiple causes of hypercalcaemia, but if it is caught early a specific diagnosis and treatment are often possible.
* The clinical signs of hypercalcaemia are often vague.
** Signs commonly include:
*** PU/PD
*** Anorexia
*** Dehydration
*** Weakness or lethargy
*** [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|Vomiting]]
*** Prerenal azotaemia
** More uncommonly, hypercalcaemia may present with:
*** Constipation
*** Cardiac arrhythmia
*** Seizures or twitching
*** [[Kidney Renal Failure - Pathology#Acute|Acute renal failure]]
*** Death
* Causes of hypercalcaemia may be:
*# Nonpathologic
*#* This may be due to:
*#** Age - young animals have naturally higher calcium levels.
*#** Lab error
*#** Lipaemia
*#* It is important to establish whether hypercalcaemia is true before persuing further diagnosis and treatment.
*# Transient...
*#* ...hypoadrenocorticism
*#* ...haemoconcentration
*#* ...hyperproteinaemia
*# Pathological
*#* Malignancy
*#* Lymphoma
*#* [[Parathyroid Glands - Pathology#Apocrine Gland Adenocarcinoma|Anal sac adenocarcinoma]]
*#* [[Kidney Renal Failure - Pathology|Renal failure]]
*#* [[Bones Metabolic - Pathology#Hypervitaminosis D|Hypervitaminosis D]]
*#* Granulomatous disease
*#** E.g fungal infections
*#* [[Parathyroid Glands - Pathology#Primary|Primary hyperparathyroidism]]
*#* Skeletal lesions
[[Category:Parathyroid Glands - Pathology]]
[[Category:Vascular Fluid]]
[[Category:Vascular Fluid]]