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Bones Metabolic - Pathology (view source)

Revision as of 18:42, 27 February 2011

660 bytes added ,  18:42, 27 February 2011
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**Influences the size of the skeleton and soft tissue
 
**Influences the size of the skeleton and soft tissue
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====Pituitary dwarfism====
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====[[Congenital Panhypopituitarism|Pituitary dwarfism]]====
    
*Rare in animals, reported in German Shepherd Dogs
 
*Rare in animals, reported in German Shepherd Dogs
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*Growth plates remain open for up to 4 years
 
*Growth plates remain open for up to 4 years
 
*Disorganised proliferating chondrocytes
 
*Disorganised proliferating chondrocytes
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[[Category:Bones - Metabolic Pathology]]
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====Pituitary gigantism (Acromegaly)====
 
====Pituitary gigantism (Acromegaly)====
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*Overgrowth of cranial bones, chin, hands and feet
 
*Overgrowth of cranial bones, chin, hands and feet
 
*Reported in dogs '''?(and cats)?'''
 
*Reported in dogs '''?(and cats)?'''
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*Skeletal abnormalities
 
*Skeletal abnormalities
 
*In neonatal foals, Giant Schnauzers and Scottish Deerhounds
 
*In neonatal foals, Giant Schnauzers and Scottish Deerhounds
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[[Category:Bones - Metabolic Pathology]]
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====Hyperthyroidism====
 
====Hyperthyroidism====
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===Gonads===
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[[Category:Bones - Metabolic Pathology]]
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===[[Gonadal Effect on Bones]]===
    
*Oestrogen and androgens  
 
*Oestrogen and androgens  
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**Inhibits [[Bones - Anatomy & Physiology|osteoclasts]]
 
**Inhibits [[Bones - Anatomy & Physiology|osteoclasts]]
 
*'''Hypogonadism''' in growing skeleton -> delayed epiphyseal closure and skeletal maturation
 
*'''Hypogonadism''' in growing skeleton -> delayed epiphyseal closure and skeletal maturation
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**Causes [[Bones Degenerative - Pathology#Osteoporosis (Atrophy)|osteoporosis]]
 
**Causes [[Bones Degenerative - Pathology#Osteoporosis (Atrophy)|osteoporosis]]
 
**Reported in dogs with Cushing's disease
 
**Reported in dogs with Cushing's disease
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******Replacement by proliferative tissue
 
******Replacement by proliferative tissue
 
****Often called '''''Osteodystrophia fibrosa'''''
 
****Often called '''''Osteodystrophia fibrosa'''''
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[[Category:Bones - Metabolic Pathology]]
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===Rickets===
 
===Rickets===
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*In Puppies, Kittens and Piglets
 
*In Puppies, Kittens and Piglets
 
**Rapid growth, weaned early -> fulminating rickets if poor exposure to sunlight and lack of vitamin D in diet
 
**Rapid growth, weaned early -> fulminating rickets if poor exposure to sunlight and lack of vitamin D in diet
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**Vitamin d is also present in sun-dried hay
 
**Vitamin d is also present in sun-dried hay
 
**Mostly seen where there is long grass growing season with poor sunlight
 
**Mostly seen where there is long grass growing season with poor sunlight
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===Hypovitaminosis A===
 
===Hypovitaminosis A===
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*Dietary deficiency -> failure of [[Bones - Anatomy & Physiology|osteoclastic remodelling]] resulting in bone overgrowth and nerve compression
 
*Dietary deficiency -> failure of [[Bones - Anatomy & Physiology|osteoclastic remodelling]] resulting in bone overgrowth and nerve compression
 
*Optic nerves particularly affected
 
*Optic nerves particularly affected
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**Vertebrae fuse with each other due to bone proliferation - '''cervical spondylosis''' ('''ankylosing exostosis''' of the vertebral column), especially in the neck
 
**Vertebrae fuse with each other due to bone proliferation - '''cervical spondylosis''' ('''ankylosing exostosis''' of the vertebral column), especially in the neck
 
*Can also be teratogenic, especially in pigs ([[Cleft Palate|cleft plate]] and abortions)
 
*Can also be teratogenic, especially in pigs ([[Cleft Palate|cleft plate]] and abortions)
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***Mineralisation of soft tissues, especially [[Arterial Calcification|blood vessel walls]]
 
***Mineralisation of soft tissues, especially [[Arterial Calcification|blood vessel walls]]
 
**Due to inhibition of [[Calcium|Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)|PTH]] and increase of [[Calcium#Calcitonin|calcitonin]]
 
**Due to inhibition of [[Calcium|Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)|PTH]] and increase of [[Calcium#Calcitonin|calcitonin]]
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***Most affected are metatarsals and mandibles
 
***Most affected are metatarsals and mandibles
 
***Periosteal hyperostosis + endosteal bone resorption -> thickened bones with enlarged marrow cavities
 
***Periosteal hyperostosis + endosteal bone resorption -> thickened bones with enlarged marrow cavities
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** -> Lead induced malfunction of osteoclasts  
 
** -> Lead induced malfunction of osteoclasts  
 
** -> Transverse band of increased density on radiographs of metaphysis = "lead line" = [[Retention of Elongated Primary Trabeculae|growth retardation lattice]]
 
** -> Transverse band of increased density on radiographs of metaphysis = "lead line" = [[Retention of Elongated Primary Trabeculae|growth retardation lattice]]
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[[Category:Bones - Metabolic Pathology]]
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[[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Pathology]]
 
[[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Pathology]]
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