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Created page with "[[Image:Intervertebral disc degeneration.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Intervertebral disc degeneration (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</..."
[[Image:Intervertebral disc degeneration.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Intervertebral disc degeneration (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]]
*Occurs mainly in dogs
*Almost always '''dorsal''' protrusion due to eccentric position of [[Joints - Anatomy & Physiology#Fibrocartilagenous joints|''nucleus pulposus'']]
*Main sites are '''cervical and lumbar''' regions
**Thoracic vertebrae have [[Joints - Anatomy & Physiology#Fibrocartilagenous joints|conjugal ligaments]]
*Degeneration precedes protrusion (two patterns):
**'''Chondroid'''
***In chondrodystrophic breeds
***Concurrent calcification of [[Intervertebral disc degeneration|degenerated ''nucleus pulposus'']]
***Progressive loosening and fragmentation of overlying ''annulus fibrosis'' fibres
****Damaged by both compressive and rotational forces
***Predisposing degeneration of the discs occurs by one year of age in most of the dogs
***Protrusion usually occurs in males, 3-6 years of age
***'''Sudden complete protrusion''' -> severe damage to spinal cord in the area
***Widespread necrosis and haemorrhage
***Extruded material is gritty, hemorrhagic or “cheesy”
**'''Fibroid'''
***In non-chondrodystrophic breeds, horses, pigs
***Usually occurs later in life
***Pathogenesis:
****Progressive dehydration and collagenisation of ''nucleus pulposus''
****Fraying and fragmentation of lamellar ''annulus fibrosis'' fibres
**** -> Attempts to repair by fibrosis
**** -> Weak area in the annulus
**** -> '''Partial protrusion''' (rarely may calcify) of nucleus into spinal canal
*****May be dorsal or lateral
**** -> Pressure on spinal cord
**** -> Demyelination of white matter
**** -> Progressive weakness of structures innervated distally to the lesion
***Disk material may enter blood vessels causing fibrocartilagenous embolism
****May present without any disk symptoms
*'''Sudden protrusion''' can occur in any breed due to traumatic compression of spinal cord
[[Category:Joints - Degenerative Pathology]]
*Occurs mainly in dogs
*Almost always '''dorsal''' protrusion due to eccentric position of [[Joints - Anatomy & Physiology#Fibrocartilagenous joints|''nucleus pulposus'']]
*Main sites are '''cervical and lumbar''' regions
**Thoracic vertebrae have [[Joints - Anatomy & Physiology#Fibrocartilagenous joints|conjugal ligaments]]
*Degeneration precedes protrusion (two patterns):
**'''Chondroid'''
***In chondrodystrophic breeds
***Concurrent calcification of [[Intervertebral disc degeneration|degenerated ''nucleus pulposus'']]
***Progressive loosening and fragmentation of overlying ''annulus fibrosis'' fibres
****Damaged by both compressive and rotational forces
***Predisposing degeneration of the discs occurs by one year of age in most of the dogs
***Protrusion usually occurs in males, 3-6 years of age
***'''Sudden complete protrusion''' -> severe damage to spinal cord in the area
***Widespread necrosis and haemorrhage
***Extruded material is gritty, hemorrhagic or “cheesy”
**'''Fibroid'''
***In non-chondrodystrophic breeds, horses, pigs
***Usually occurs later in life
***Pathogenesis:
****Progressive dehydration and collagenisation of ''nucleus pulposus''
****Fraying and fragmentation of lamellar ''annulus fibrosis'' fibres
**** -> Attempts to repair by fibrosis
**** -> Weak area in the annulus
**** -> '''Partial protrusion''' (rarely may calcify) of nucleus into spinal canal
*****May be dorsal or lateral
**** -> Pressure on spinal cord
**** -> Demyelination of white matter
**** -> Progressive weakness of structures innervated distally to the lesion
***Disk material may enter blood vessels causing fibrocartilagenous embolism
****May present without any disk symptoms
*'''Sudden protrusion''' can occur in any breed due to traumatic compression of spinal cord
[[Category:Joints - Degenerative Pathology]]