Difference between revisions of "Category:Streptococcus species"

Latest revision as of 16:33, 3 March 2011

Streptococcus species

Content

▼ Streptococcus species
Enterococcus faecalis
Streptococcus canis
Streptococcus equi subsp. equi
Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus
Streptococcus equisimilis
Streptococcus iniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus porcinus
Streptococcus suis
Streptococcus zooepidemicus

Overview

Cause suppurative infections in many different animals
Cause abscess formation and septicaemia
Cause mastitis, metritis, polyarthritis, meningitis
Primary or secondary infections following viral infection
Neonatal septicaemia related to maternal genital tract infection
Haemolytic streptococci of Lancefield group C are common inhabitants of the equine nasopharynx
Streptococcus zooepidemicus and S. equisimilis are usually non-pathogenic
Involved in peritonitis in pigs, pyothorax, osteomyelitis, catarrhal stomatitis
In infectious arthritis of sheep, arthritis in calves, arthritis in horses and arthritis in pigs
Often commensals on mucous membranes of upper respiratory and lower urogenital tract
Opportunistic infections

Characteristics

Gram positive cocci forming chains
Catalase negative, facultative anaerobes
Fastitidious - require enriched media such as blood or serum
Small haemolytic, translucent colonies, some mucoid
Catalase negative
Susceptible to desiccation

Identification

Beta haemolysis (complete with clear zones surrounding colonies)
Alpha haemolysis (partial with green zones surrounding colonies)
Lancefield grouping - serology based on group-specific polysaccharide in cell wall
Biochemical testing

Diagnosis

Swabs of pus or exudate cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar
No growth on MacConkey except S. faecalis
PCR, Lancefield grouping and biochemical tests

Pathogenesis and Pathogenicity

Beta-haemolytic strains more pathogenic than alpha-haemolytic strains
Virulence factors include streptolysins, hyaluronidase, DNase, streptokinase and proteases
S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae and some strains of S. equi have polysaccharide capsules which are antiphagocytic
S. pyogenes and S. equi have antiphagocytic cell wall M proteins

in sheep

Streptococcus spp.
- Commonly cause suppurative polyarthritis in lambs
- Naval infection -> bacteriamia -> polyarthritis
  - May also cause blindness and nervous signs if uvea or meninges are affected
- Larger joints are more afected
  - May spread to other organs

in cattle

Neonatal polyarthritis by:
- - Via umbilicus
  - Also involves eyes and meninges

Pages in category "Streptococcus species"

The following 10 pages are in this category, out of 10 total.

E

Enterococcus faecalis

S

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-{{review}}
+{{frontpage
+|pagetitle =Streptococcus species
+|pagebody =
+|contenttitle =Content
+|contentbody =<big><b>
+<categorytree mode=pages>Streptococcus species</categorytree>
+</b></big>
+|logo =bugs-logo copy.png
+}}
 ===Overview===
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 *Haemolytic streptococci of Lancefield group C are common inhabitants of the equine nasopharynx
 *''Streptococcus zooepidemicus'' and ''S. equisimilis'' are usually non-pathogenic
-*Involved in [[Peritoneal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#In pigs|peritonitis in pigs]],  [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology#Pyothorax (Thoracic empyema)|pyothorax]], [[Bones Inflammatory - Pathology#Osteomyelitis|osteomyelitis]], [[Cavity & Gingiva - Pathology#Catarrhal Stomatitis|catarrhal stomatitis]]
+*Involved in [[Peritonitis#In pigs|peritonitis in pigs]],  [[Pyothorax|pyothorax]], [[Osteomyelitis|osteomyelitis]], [[Stomatitis|catarrhal stomatitis]]
-*In infectious [[Joints Inflammatory - Pathology#In Sheep|arthritis of sheep]], [[Joints Inflammatory - Pathology#In Cattle|arthritis in calves]], [[Joints Inflammatory - Pathology#In Horses|arthritis in horses]] and [[Joints Inflammatory - Pathology#In Pigs|arthritis in pigs]]
+*In infectious [[Infectious Arthritis#In Sheep|arthritis of sheep]], [[Infectious Arthritis#In Cattle|arthritis in calves]], [[Infectious Arthritis#In Horses|arthritis in horses]] and [[Infectious Arthritis#In Pigs|arthritis in pigs]]
 *Often commensals on mucous membranes of upper respiratory and lower urogenital tract
 *Opportunistic infections
@@ Line 41: / Line 49: @@
-===Pathogensis and Pathogenicity===
+===Pathogenesis and Pathogenicity===
 *Beta-haemolytic strains more pathogenic than alpha-haemolytic strains
@@ Line 49: / Line 57: @@
+'''in sheep'''
+*[[:Category:Streptococcus species|'''''Streptococcus'' spp.''']]
+**Commonly cause suppurative polyarthritis in lambs
+**Naval infection -> bacteriamia -> polyarthritis
+***May also cause blindness and nervous signs if uvea or meninges are affected
+**Larger joints are more afected
+***May spread to other organs
-===[[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Strangles|Strangles]]===
-*Epidemiology
+'''in cattle'''
-**[[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Strangles|Strangles]] is a highly infectious disease of horses caused by ''Streptococcus equi'' subsp. ''equi''
-**[[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#In Horses|upper respiratory tract disease of horses]] with fever and abscessation of regional lymph nodes
-**Causes [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Strangles|rhinitis]], [[Nasopharynx Inflammatory - Pathology|pharyngitis]], lymphadenitis and [[Muscles Inflammatory - Pathology#Abscesses|myositis]]
-**Outbreaks in groups of young horses
-**Transmitted via purulent exudate discharging from upper respiratory tract or from lymph nodes
-**Chronic, carrier state can occur with bacteria im the guttural pouch
-**A mild, atypical form can occur
-**''S. equi'' shed for 4 weeks beyond clinical resolution
-*Clinical signs
-**Incubation period 3 to 6 days
-**Fever, depression, anorexia
-**Purulent nasal discharge
-**Swollen, painful regional lymph nodes, especially submandibular
-**Abscessation and rupture of lymph nodes
-**Guttural pouch empyema
-**100% morbidity; 5% mortality
-**Death can occur from pneumonia, breathing difficulties from swollen lymph nodes or [[Muscles Degenerative - Pathology#Ischaemia|purpura haemorrhagica]](an immune-mediated disease)
-**Bastard strangle may occasionally occur, with abscessaation in many organs of the body
-**''S. equi'' may be involved in [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Systemic bacterial infections|cutaneous lesions]]
-*Diagnosis
+*Neonatal polyarthritis by:
-**Clinical signs and history
+***Via umbilicus
-**Mucoid colonies with beta-haemolysis
+***Also involves eyes and meninges
-**Sugar fermentation allows differentiation of ''S. equi'' from ''S. zooepidemicus'' and ''S. equisimilis''
-**PCR to detect asymptomatic carriers
-*Treatment and control
+[[Category:Bacterial Organisms]]
-**Penicillin administration to in-contact animals
+[[Category:Gram_positive_bacteria]]
-**Isolation of affected animals
+[[Category:Cocci]]
-**Quarantne in-coming animals
+[[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]]
-**Avoid overcrowding and mixing different age groups
-**Disinfection of equipment
-===''Streptococcus suis''===
-*Meningitis, arthritis, septicaemia and [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Streptococcal pneumonia|pneumonia]] of pigs
-*Sporadic cases of endocarditis, neonatal deaths and abortion
-*Carried in tonsils and nasal cavity of carrier pigs
-*Outbreaks occur in intensively-reared herds with poor hygiene
-*Carrier sows infect litters causing neonatal deaths
-*Meningitis with fever, tremors, incoordination, opisthotonos and convulsions
-*Treatment with penicillin; prophylactic long-acting penicillin for sows and piglets
-*Suppurative conditions in cattle, sheep, horses, cats
-*Septicaemia and meningitis in humans
-===Bovine streptococcal mastitis===
-*''S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae'' and ''S. uberis'' primarily cause mastitis
-*Also ''S. pyogenes, S. zooepidemicus'' and ''Enterococcus faecalis'' can be involved
-*''S. agalactiae'' colonises milk ducts causing persistent infections with acute outbreaks
-*''S. dysgalactiae'' found in the oral cavity and on the skin of the udder causes acute mastitis
-*''S. uberis'' inhabits normal skin, tonsils and vaginal mucosa, and causes mastitis without systemic signs
-*Cause inflammation of mammary tissue and clots form in milk
-*Milk samples are cultured on blood agar, Edward's medium and MacConkey agar for diagnosis
-===''S. equisimilis''===
-*Found on skin and vagina of horses
-*Causes abscesses, endometritis and mastitis in horses
-*Suppurative conditions in pigs, cattle, dogs, birds
-===''S. zooepidemicus''===
-*Colonises mucous membranes
-*Causes mastitis, pneumonia, [[Paranasal Sinuses Inflammatory - Pathology|sinusitis]] and navel infections in horses
-*''S. zooepidemicus'' can cause similar signs to [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Strangles|strangles in horses]] and may accompany [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)|COPD]]
-*Secondary invador after [[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Equine influenza|equine influenza]]
-*Colonises skin and mucous membranes of cattle, lambs, pigs and poultry and causes suppurative infections and septicaemia
-* Can cause vascular fragility, leading to [[Haemostasis - Pathology#Haemorrhagic Disease Due To Vascular Fragility|haemorrhagic disease]]
-===''Enterococcus faecalis''===
-*Colonises intestinal tract
-*Causes opportunistic suppurative infections in many species
-===''S. canis''===
-*Found in vagina and anal mucosa of carnivores
-*Neonatal septicaemia, suppurative infections, toxic shock syndrome
-*In [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Deep pyoderma|deep pyoderma]] and subcutaneous abscesses
-===''S. pneumoniae''===
-*Found in upper respiratory tract of primates
-*Causes septicaemia, pneumonia and meningitis
-*Pneumonia in guinea-pigs and rats
-===''S. porcinus''===
-*Submandibular lymphadenitis in pigs
-[[Category:Bacteria]][[Category:Gram_positive_bacteria]][[Category:Cocci]]