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| − | {{unfinished}}
| + | #REDIRECT[[Borrelia anserina]] |
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| − | Avian spirochaetosis is caused by [[Borrelia anserina]]
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| − | *Chickens, turkeys, pheasants, ducks and geese susceptible
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| − | *Transmitted by soft ticks of the ''Argas'' family, but also via contact with infected material such as blood and tissues
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| − | *Transmitted transovarially and trans-stadially via the tick population
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| − | *Outbreaks during peak tick activity during warm, humid conditions
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| − | *Fever, anaemia and wight loss occurs, with development of paralysis later
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| − | *Immunity is serotype specific
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| − | *Diagnosis using dark-field microscopy of buffy coat smears or immunodluorescence of blood or tissues
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| − | *Giemsa-stained smears and silver impregnation of tissues
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| − | *Isolation of borreliae by inoculation of embryonated eggs or chicks
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| − | *Antibiotic treatment
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| − | *Inactivated vaccines available[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]]
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