|
|
| (3 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| − | ==[[Concussion]]==
| + | #redirect[[:Category:Central Nervous System - Traumatic Injury]] |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==[[Contusion of Central Nervous System]] ==
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==Laceration==
| |
| − | | |
| − | * Tearing of the CNS is known as lacreation.
| |
| − | * This may be caused by
| |
| − | ** Bone within the skull
| |
| − | *** For example, a fractured skull
| |
| − | ** Penetrating objects
| |
| − | *** For example, bullets.
| |
| − | * Laceration is the most severe and serious form of traumatic injury as it carries the additional risk of contamination or infection.
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | [[Category:Central Nervous System - Traumatic Injury]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==Haemorrhage==
| |
| − | | |
| − | * Haemorrhage may:
| |
| − | ** Follow contusion injury
| |
| − | ** Result from endothelial damage
| |
| − | * Locations of haemorrhage may be:
| |
| − | ** Epidural
| |
| − | ** Subdural
| |
| − | ** Leptomeningeal
| |
| − | ** Cerebral
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | [[Category:Central Nervous System - Traumatic Injury]]
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==Compression==
| |
| − | | |
| − | * Compression may arise within or outside the spinal cord.
| |
| − | * Causes of compression include:
| |
| − | ** '''Abscess'''
| |
| − | *** Abscesses may be extradural, vertebral or intervertebral.
| |
| − | ** '''Fracture of vertebral bodies'''
| |
| − | *** Traumatic fracture
| |
| − | *** Pathological fracture, due to abscess, metabolic causes or neoplasia.
| |
| − | ** '''Neoplasia'''
| |
| − | ** '''Intervertebral disk disease'''
| |
| − | *** Prolapsed disks can cause acute or chronic compression.
| |
| − | ** '''Malformations '''
| |
| − | *** Wobbler [[Equine Alimentary System - Anatomy & Physiology|horses]]
| |
| − | **** Caused by stenotic myelopathy.
| |
| − | **** The vertebral canal narrows due to malformation and malarticulation of the cervical vertebrae (usually C3-C4)
| |
| − | *** Cervical vertebral malformation-malarticulation in dogs has a similar pathogenesis to wobbler [[Equine Alimentary System - Anatomy & Physiology|horses]]
| |
| − | *** Atlantoaxial subluxation of toy dogs.
| |
| − | **** A hypoplastic dens leads to subluxation.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Pathology===
| |
| − | | |
| − | * Lesions associated with focal compressive spinal cord injury are similar regardless of cause.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ====Gross====
| |
| − | | |
| − | * The spinal cord may be indented or flattened.
| |
| − | | |
| − | ====Histological====
| |
| − | | |
| − | * The myelin sheath may balloon in all funiculi.
| |
| − | * Axonal swelling and loss is seen.
| |
| − | * Macrophages appear within days and remove debris within myelin "digestion chambers".
| |
| − | * Neuronal loss, gliosis, malacia and oedema may also be apparent.
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | [[Category:Central Nervous System - Traumatic Injury]]
| |