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Category:Cranial Nerve Examination - Horse (view source)
Revision as of 13:08, 10 March 2011
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−* The cranial nerves are numbered 1-12 from the most rostral to the most caudal. +* A systematic examination of the cranial nerves can aid accurate identification of the site of a lesion.+===Cranial Nerve I===+* Cranial nerve I is the olfactory nerve.+** Abnormalities are rarely detected in this nerve.+===[[Neurological Eye Examination - Horse]]===
−===[[Face Sensation]]===
−===[[Vestibular System Examination]]===
−===[[Pharyngeal and Laryngeal Function]]===
−* The pharynx and larynx are innervated by:
−** CN IX - the glossopharyngeal nerve
−** CN X - the vagus nerve
−** CN XI - the accessory nerve
−* Pharyngeal and laryngeal function is best studied by:
−*# Observing the horse eat and swallow
−*# Endoscopy
−====Laryngeal Dysfunction====
−* Left recurrent laryngeal hemiplegia is the most common dysfunction in horses.
−** The left recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve.
−** Horses are known as "roarers".
−====Pharyngeal Dysfunction====
−* Pharyngeal paralysis in horses is commonly associated with peripheral disease.
−** Especially guttural pouch disease.
−*** Endoscopy of the guttural pouches should be therefore be performed in horses that are dysphagic.
−[[Category:Cranial Nerve Examination - Horse]]
−===[[Tongue Movement]] ===
−* The hypoglossal nerve, CN XII provides motor innervation to the [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]].
−* Normally, a horse resists the [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] being retracted from the mouth.
−** The horse will quickly return the tongue after it is pulled out to the side.
−* Horses with hypoglossal weakness appear differently.
−** The [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] may protrude from the mouth.
−** Chronic unilateral hypoglossal lesions may result in unilateral tongue atrophy.
−** Bilateral hypoglossal lesions may result in difficulty prehending food.
−* Horses with cerebral dysfunction may have signs corresponding to tongue weakness.
−** However, [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] atrophy is not present in these animals.
−[[Category:Cranial Nerve Examination - Horse]]
{{frontpage
−|pagetitle =Cranial Nerve Examination - Horse
+|pagebody = The cranial nerves are numbered 1-12 from the most rostral to the most caudal. A systematic examination of the cranial nerves can aid accurate identification of the site of a lesion.
−'''Cranial Nerve I''' is the olfactory nerve. Abnormalities are rarely detected in this nerve.
+|contenttitle =Content
+|contentbody =<big><b>
+<categorytree mode=pages>Cranial Nerve Examination - Horse</categorytree>
−</b></big>
−|logo =Horse-logo.png
+}}
−[[Category:Neurological Examination - Horse|C]]
[[Category:Neurological Examination - Horse|C]]