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Created page with "===Interstitial nephritis=== Interstitial nephritis can be classified as acute, chronic, suppurative or nonsuppurative. Fibrosis occurs as well as tubular degeneration and atrop..."
===Interstitial nephritis===
Interstitial nephritis can be classified as acute, chronic, suppurative or nonsuppurative. Fibrosis occurs as well as tubular degeneration and atrophy. Infectious, toxic, immunologic and chemical aetiologies have been implicated.
====Nonsuppurative====
*Nonsuppurative interstitial nephritis can be either acute, subacute or chronic.
'''Gross pathology'''
*In acute cases, the kidneys are often enlarged and have pale cortices with a streaked appearance.
*In chronic cases, shrinkage of the kidney as well as extensive fibrosis and capsular adhesions occurs.
'''Histopathology'''
*Presence of inflammatory cells in the interstitium.
*Degenerative changes of the tubular epithelium.
*Presences of fibrous tissue due to repair attempts by the kidney.
'''Examples'''
*'White spot' kidney of calves and [[:Category:Leptospiraceae|''Leptospira canicola'']] infection are both examples of nonsuppurative interstitial nephritis.
**White spot kidney is common and usually an incidental finding. Kidneys have multiple small, white, slightly raised nodules throughout the cortex. The cause is likely a sequel to previous bacteraemia.
*[[:Category:Leptospiraceae|''Leptospira canicola'']] in the dog is also another good example. It localises in the renal capillaries then migrates to the tubules via the interstitium. Necrosis of the tubular epithelium occurs as well as a pronounced interstitial inflammatory reaction. In chronic cases, fibrosis and widespread degenerative changes are seen. The liver, csf and placenta can also be affected.
*If the condition is chronic, marked interstitial fibrosis can be seen as well as degenerative changes in the tubules.
====Suppurative====
*Suppurative interstitial nephritis follows bacteraemia or embolic septicaemia.
*Can be haematogenous or urogenous in origin.
*If large thrombi lodge in the afferent vessels, infarction may occur.
*Bacteria lodge within the glomeruli and peritubular capillaries.
*Abscesses may occur in the glomeruli or interstitium.
*Examples include ''Actinobacillus equuli'' in foals, ''Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae'' in pigs,
[[Arcanobacter pyogenes|''Arcanobacterium pyogenes'']] in cattle and ''[[Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis]]'' in sheep/goats.
[[Category:Tubulointerstitial Disease]]
[[Category:To Do - Urinary]]
Interstitial nephritis can be classified as acute, chronic, suppurative or nonsuppurative. Fibrosis occurs as well as tubular degeneration and atrophy. Infectious, toxic, immunologic and chemical aetiologies have been implicated.
====Nonsuppurative====
*Nonsuppurative interstitial nephritis can be either acute, subacute or chronic.
'''Gross pathology'''
*In acute cases, the kidneys are often enlarged and have pale cortices with a streaked appearance.
*In chronic cases, shrinkage of the kidney as well as extensive fibrosis and capsular adhesions occurs.
'''Histopathology'''
*Presence of inflammatory cells in the interstitium.
*Degenerative changes of the tubular epithelium.
*Presences of fibrous tissue due to repair attempts by the kidney.
'''Examples'''
*'White spot' kidney of calves and [[:Category:Leptospiraceae|''Leptospira canicola'']] infection are both examples of nonsuppurative interstitial nephritis.
**White spot kidney is common and usually an incidental finding. Kidneys have multiple small, white, slightly raised nodules throughout the cortex. The cause is likely a sequel to previous bacteraemia.
*[[:Category:Leptospiraceae|''Leptospira canicola'']] in the dog is also another good example. It localises in the renal capillaries then migrates to the tubules via the interstitium. Necrosis of the tubular epithelium occurs as well as a pronounced interstitial inflammatory reaction. In chronic cases, fibrosis and widespread degenerative changes are seen. The liver, csf and placenta can also be affected.
*If the condition is chronic, marked interstitial fibrosis can be seen as well as degenerative changes in the tubules.
====Suppurative====
*Suppurative interstitial nephritis follows bacteraemia or embolic septicaemia.
*Can be haematogenous or urogenous in origin.
*If large thrombi lodge in the afferent vessels, infarction may occur.
*Bacteria lodge within the glomeruli and peritubular capillaries.
*Abscesses may occur in the glomeruli or interstitium.
*Examples include ''Actinobacillus equuli'' in foals, ''Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae'' in pigs,
[[Arcanobacter pyogenes|''Arcanobacterium pyogenes'']] in cattle and ''[[Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis]]'' in sheep/goats.
[[Category:Tubulointerstitial Disease]]
[[Category:To Do - Urinary]]