Changes

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

Can affect both dogs and cats.

Can affect both dogs and cats.

*[[Hypothyroidism|hypothyroidism]]

*[[Hypothyroidism|hypothyroidism]]

*[[Hepatic Encephalopathy|hepatic encephalopathy]]

*[[Hepatic Encephalopathy|hepatic encephalopathy]]

*pancreatitis

*[[Pancreatitis|pancreatitis]]

*inflammation or ulceration of the stomach

*[[Gastric Ulceration - Dog|gastric ulceration]] and inflammation

*anticholinergic drugs and narcotic analgesics used to treat vomiting and diarrhoea

*anticholinergic drugs and narcotic analgesics used to treat vomiting and diarrhoea

*idiopathic

*idiopathic

Diagnosis of gastric motility disorders is usually made once other causes of vomiting have been ruled out. The normal gastric emptying time of a dog is 10-12 hours. Therefore, a dog that vomits an undigested meal more than twelve hours after feeding should be strongly suspected of having a gastric motility disorder if an outflow obstruction and inflammatory disease have been excluded.

Diagnosis of gastric motility disorders is usually made once other causes of vomiting have been ruled out. The normal gastric emptying time of a dog is 10-12 hours. Therefore, a dog that vomits an undigested meal more than twelve hours after feeding should be strongly suspected of having a gastric motility disorder if an outflow obstruction and inflammatory disease have been excluded.

==Clinical Signs==

===Clinical Signs===

*chronic belching and vomiting

*chronic belching and vomiting

*anorexia

*anorexia

===Special Diagnostic Techniques===

===Special Diagnostic Techniques===

A definitive diagnosis of gastric motility disorders requires special diagnostic techniques that are not often available. These include measurement of gastric eradio-isotope studies and

A definitive diagnosis of gastric motility disorders requires special diagnostic techniques that are not often available. These include measurement of gastric electrical and contractile activity as well as radio-isotope studies.

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

**relaxes the pyloric canal

**relaxes the pyloric canal

**increases contraction in the proximal small intestine

**increases contraction in the proximal small intestine

*Erythromycin

*[[Macrolides and Lincosamides|Erythromycin]]

**acts on smooth muscle motilin receptors to increase gastric contractility

**acts on smooth muscle motilin receptors to increase gastric contractility

*Metoclopramide

*Metoclopramide

==Prognosis==

==Prognosis==

Animals that respond well to medical management have a good prognosis. Those who respond poorly to medical treatment have a poor prognosis.

Animals that respond well to medical management have a good prognosis. Those who respond poorly to medical treatment have a poor prognosis.

==References==

==References==

*Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier'' Page 427

*Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier'' Page 427