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| − | <big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big>
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| − | <big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big>
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| | ===Overview=== | | ===Overview=== |
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| | *Causes erysipelas in pigs and turkeys worldwide | | *Causes erysipelas in pigs and turkeys worldwide |
| − | *[[Joints Inflammatory - Pathology#In Pigs|Arthritis and discospondylitis in pigs]] as well as [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Systemic bacterial infections|cutaneous lesions]] | + | *[[Infectious Arthritis#In Pigs|Arthritis and discospondylitis in pigs]] as well as [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Systemic bacterial infections|cutaneous lesions]] |
| − | *Occasionally causes [[Joints Inflammatory - Pathology#In Sheep|arthritis in sheep]] and disease in other animals | + | *Occasionally causes [[Infectious Arthritis#In Sheep|arthritis in sheep]] and disease in other animals |
| | *Causes erysipeloid, a localised cellulitis in humans | | *Causes erysipeloid, a localised cellulitis in humans |
| | *Found in porcine tonsils - 50% of pigs are thought to be carriers | | *Found in porcine tonsils - 50% of pigs are thought to be carriers |
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| − | ===Swine erysipelas=== | + | ===[[Swine Erysipelas]]=== |
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| − | *Carrier pigs act as reservoir of infection
| + | ===[[Turkey erysipelas]]=== |
| − | *Organisms excreted in faeces of acutely-affected pigs
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| − | *Ingestion of contaminated food and water, or via skin abrasions
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| − | *Clinical outcome depends on susceptibility of pigs and virulence of strain
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| − | *Pigs susceptible after maternal antibody waned (after 3 months) and before protective immunity acquired (3 years)
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| − | *Change in diet, extremes of temperature and fatigue thought to predispose to infection
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| − | *Septicaemic form:
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| − | **Acute; incubation period 2-3 days
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| − | **Pigs found dead, febrile, depressed, recumbent or with stilted gait
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| − | **Mortality high
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| − | **Pregant sows abort
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| − | *Cutaneous form:
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| − | **Diamond skin lesions
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| − | **Fewer systemic signs, mortality rates lower
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| − | **Pigs febrile with small, pink/purple raised areas or extensive diamond-shaped plaques over skin
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| − | **Lesions may resolve within a week, or become necrotic and slough
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| − | *Arthritis:
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| − | **Older pigs, chronic
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| − | **Stiffness, lameness, non-weight bearing on affected limbs
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| − | **Joint lesions with erosion of articular cartilage, fibrosis and ankylosis
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| − | **Strong impact on productivity
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| − | *Chronic valvular endocarditis:
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| − | **Vegetatic thrombosis of mitral valves
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| − | **Asymptomatic or congestive heart failure and sudden death with stress
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| − | *Diagnosis:
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| − | **Diamond-shaped skin lesions
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| − | **Haematology and post mortem, especially liver, [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|spleen]], heart valves, synovial tissues
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| − | **Slender Gram-positive rods on microscopy of acute lesions; filamentous forms in chronic lesions and smears
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| − | **No growth on MacConkey agar
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| − | **Colonial characteristics and biochemical tests
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| − | *Treatment:
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| − | **Penicillin and tetracyclines for acute infections
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| − | **Hyperimmune serum
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| − | *Control:
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| − | **Hygience
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| − | **Cull chronic cases
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| − | **Isolate affected pigs
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| − | **Live attenuated or inactivated vaccines
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| − | ===Turkey erysipelas===
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| − | *Affects birds of all ages
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| − | *Excreted in semen, causing death of turkey hens 4-5 days after AI
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| − | *Septicaemia
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| − | *High mortality
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| − | *Dark, swollen snoods
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| − | *Enlarged friable liver and [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|spleen]] on post mortem
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| − | *Arthritis and vegetative endocarditis and emaciation with chronic infections
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| − | *Inactivated vaccine
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| | ===Sheep infections=== | | ===Sheep infections=== |
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| | *Cellulitis and laminitis in older lambs and ewes causing post-dipping lameness - entry through skin abrasions in hoof from contaminated dip | | *Cellulitis and laminitis in older lambs and ewes causing post-dipping lameness - entry through skin abrasions in hoof from contaminated dip |
| | *Valvular endocarditis and pneumonia in ewes reported | | *Valvular endocarditis and pneumonia in ewes reported |
| | + | **Clinical sighns: |
| | + | ***Cutaneous erysipelas |
| | + | ***Polyarthritis in lambs |
| | + | ***Rarely fatal septicaemia |
| | + | **Enters via: |
| | + | ***Cuts, abrasions |
| | + | ***Castration or docking wounds |
| | + | ***Haematogenous spread -> subacute or chronic '''fibrinopurulent polyarthritis''' |
| | + | **Morbidity up tp 50% |
| | + | **Affects mostly unthrifty lmbs |
| | + | **Fibrosis and [[Musculoskeletal Terminology - Pathology|osteophyte]] formation in later stages -> persistent lameness |
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| | + | === Human erysipeloid === |
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| | + | *Infection through skin wounds from fish and poultry |
| | + | *Localised cellulitis |
| | + | *Occasional joint and heart disease after haematogenous spread if untreated |
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| − | ===Human erysipeloid===
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| − | *Infection through skin wounds from fish and poultry
| + | [[Category:Bacteria_miscellaneous]] [[Category:Gram_positive_bacteria]] [[Category:Rods]] [[Category:Sheep_Bacteria]] [[Category:Pig_Bacteria]] [[Category:Avian Bacteria]] [[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]][[Category:To Do - Major]] |
| − | *Localised cellulitis
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| − | *Occasional joint and heart disease after haematogenous spread if untreated
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