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[[Image:Toxoplasma gondii.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Toxoplasma gondii'' - Ke Hu and John Murray]]
[[Image:Toxoplasma gondii.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Toxoplasma gondii'' - Ke Hu and John Murray]]
<big>
'''[[Coccidia Flashcards]]
'''[[Cryptosporidia Flashcards]]
==<font color="purple">Coccidia</font>==
'''[[Giardia Flashcards]]
==<font color="purple">Cryptosporidia</font>==
==<font color="purple">Giardia</font>==
'''[[Piroplasmida Flashcards]]
==<font color="purple">Piroplasmida</font>==
==<font color="purple">Tissue Cyst Forming Coccidia</font>==
'''[[Tissue Cyst Forming Coccidian Flashcards]]
==<font color="purple">Tropical Protozoa</font>==
</big>
==<font color="purple">Other Important Protozoa</font>==
===Protozoa===
<FlashCard questions="3">
|q1=What are the four different ways protozoa can move?
|a1=
*Cilia
*Flagellum
*Pseduopodia
*Gliding
|l1=Protozoa_Structure_and_Function
|q2=How do protozoa reproduce?
|a2=
*By binary fission
*By schizogony
*By sporogony
*By gametogeny
|l2=Protozoa_Life_Cycle
|q3=Briefly summarise the life cycle of protozoa
|a3=
*The infectious sporozoite are released from the oocyst invading epithelial tissue
*The nucleus of the sporozoites divides forming a schizont which contains merozoites (schizogony)
*Schizont ruptures releasing merozoites which form micro and macrogamonts in the epithelial tissue (gametogeny)
*Microgamonts penetrate the macrogamont forming the zygote
*The zygote forms the oocyst which is passed in the faeces
*Sporulation occurs which makes the oocyst infectious
|l3=Protozoa_Life_Cycle
</FlashCard>
===Tropical Protozoa===
<FlashCard questions="8">
|q1=What species transmits Leishmania?
|a1=
*Sandflies
*Phlebotomus spp. in the Old World
*Lutzomyia spp. in the New World
|l1=Leishmania
|q2=Which cells are ''Leishmania'' species intracellular parasites of?
|a2=Macrophages
|l2=Leishmania
|q3=What are the clinical signs of ''Leishmania'' infections?
|a3=
*Cutaneous form
**Ulcers on the lips, eyelids and pinnae of ears
*Visceral form
**Eczema
**Fever
**Generalised lympadenopathy
|l3=Leishmania
|q4=How can you treat and prevent ''Leishmania'' infections?
|a4=
*Chemotherapy
*Prevent sandflies biting dogs through collars containing insecticides
*Destruction of infected and stray dogs
|l4=Leishmania
|q5=Which diseases so ''Trypanosome'' species cause in cattle and in humans?
|a5=
*Nagana in cattle (wasting disease)
*Chagas disease in humans, armadillos and possums
*Sleeping sickness in humans
|l5=Trypanosoma
|q6=Fill in the missing words about ''trypanosoma'' infections?
<p>Salivarian ''trypanosome'' species multiply in the ??? and ??? of ???. This is also known as ??? development. Stercorian ''trypanosome'' species multiply in the ??? of ??? bugs, keds and ???. This is also known as ??? development.</p>
|a6=
*proboscis
*foregut
*Tsetse flies
*anterior station
*hindgut
*Triatomid
*tabanids
*posterior station
|l6=Trypanosoma
|q7=What are the general clinical signs of ''trypanosoma'' infections?
|a7=
*Anaemia
*Enlarged lymph nodes and spleen
*Degeneration and inflammation of multiple organs
*Loss of body condition
*Oedema of the limbs and genitalia in horses
*Myocarditis and corneal opacity in dogs and cats
|l7=Trypanosoma
|q8=How are ''trypanosoma'' infections diagnosed?
|a8=
*Giemsa stained smears
*Fresh blood films looking for motile trypanosomes
*Haematocrit tubes looking for motile trypanosomes at the buffy coat/plasma interface
|l8=Trypanosoma
</FlashCard>
===Other Important Protozoa===
<FlashCard questions="9">
|q1=What is ''Balantidium'' and where is it found?
|a1=
*Ciliate protozoan
*Commensal organism
*Found in the lumen of the large intestine of pigs and humans
|l1=Balantidium
|q2=How would you diagnose ''Cyclospora'' infections?
|a2=
*Faecal smear for oocysts
*Zeihl-Neelson stain positive
*Oocysts autoflouresce
|l2=Cyclospora
|q3=How can ''Entamoeba'' cause abcesses in the liver?
|a3=
*Erosion of the large intestine may allow the parasite to enter the bloodstream
*Once in the bloodstream the parasite can reach the liver and cause ascesses
|l3=Entamoeba
|q4=What disease does ''Histomonas meleagridis'' cause and in which species?
|a4=
*Causes Blackhead
*Affects turkeys
*Chickens are asymptomatic carriers
|l4=Histomonas
|q5=In which caecal nematode worm is ''H. meleagridis'' carried?
|a5=Heterakis gallinarum
|l5=Histomonas
|q6=What are the clinical signs of ''H. meleagridis'' infections?
|a6=
*Ante-mortem
**Cyanotic head and wattles
**Yellow droppings
*Post Mortem
**Necrotic mucosa in caecum
**1cm diameter circular lesions in the liver
|l6=Histomonas
|q7=What are the clinical signs of ''Microsporidia'' infections?
|a7=
*Head-tilt
*Incontinence
*Uveitis
*Cataracts
*But mostly asymptomatic
|l7=Microsporidia
|q8=How is ''Tritrichomonas foetus'' transmitted?
|a8=Venerally
|l8=Tritrichomonas foetus
|q9=Where is ''Tritrichomonas foetus'' found in cattle?
|a9=
*Uterus of cows
*Preputial cavity of bulls
|l9=Tritrichomonas foetus
</FlashCard>
[[Category:Protozoa]][[Category:Parasite Flashcards]]