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| | {{Taxobox | | {{Taxobox |
| − | |name = ''Anaplasma'' spp | + | |name = Anaplasma spp |
| | |kingdom = Monera | | |kingdom = Monera |
| − | |sub-kingdom = [[Bacteria]] | + | |sub-kingdom = Bacteria |
| | |phylum = Proteobacteria | | |phylum = Proteobacteria |
| | |super-class = | | |super-class = |
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| | |sub-class = | | |sub-class = |
| | |super-order = | | |super-order = |
| − | |order = [[Rickettsiales]] | + | |order = Rickettsiales |
| | |sub-order = | | |sub-order = |
| | |super-family = | | |super-family = |
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| | |sub-family = | | |sub-family = |
| | |genus = Anaplasma | | |genus = Anaplasma |
| − | |species = ''Anaplasma marginale'' and others | + | |species = Anaplasma marginale and others |
| | }} | | }} |
| − | ==Introduction==
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| − | [[File:Anaplasmosis.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Rickettsial pathogens inside tick haemolymph cells. Source - Wikimedia Commons]]
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| − | ''Anaplasma'' species are '''[[Rickettsiales | rickettsial]] [[Bacteria | bacterial]]''' pathogens that reside within host '''[[Erythrocytes | erythrocytes]]'''.
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| − | ''Anaplasmas'' cause '''[[Anaplasmosis]]''' and have worldwide distribution due to their wide range of vectors. Disease is most common in '''tropical''' regions.
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| − | ==Lifecycle==
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| − | ''Anaplasmas'' are transmitted by a wide range of '''[[Ticks |tick]]''' species and other insects including the '''[[Ceratopogonidae |''Culicoides'' midge]]''' and other [[:Category:Biting Flies|biting flies]].
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| − | '''Maturation''' can occur only in '''tick''' hosts, flies acting as solely '''mechanical''' vectors.
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| − | Infectious bacteria reside and replicate within the '''salivary gland''' of the vector and are transmitted to mammalian hosts during bloodfeeding.
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| − | Infected [[erythrocytes]] are disrupted and release bodies which can then invade other erythrocytes. These bodies form '''vacuoles''' within the cytoplasmic membranes of the [[erythrocytes|red blood cells]] and then undergo '''binary fission''' to form dense blue-purple round/cube shaped '''inclusion bodies'''.
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| − | This '''amplifies''' infection within the host and increases the likelihood of transmission when insects bloodfeed.
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| − | For more information on ticks as disease vectors, se [[Tick Disease Transmission]].
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| − | ==Pathogenesis==
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| − | Anaplasmosis causes '''haemolytic [[Anaemia | anaemia]]''' by damaging [[Erythrocytes | erythrocytes]].
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| − | ==Diseases==
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| − | [[Anaplasmosis]] in domestic and wild ruminants and deer causes profound '''anaemia, emaciation, haematuria''' and consequent '''respiratory''' and '''neurological''' signs.
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| − | ==''Anaplasma marginale''==
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| − | Most (70-80%) inclusion bodies are found at or close to the border of the erythrocyte.
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| − | Infects '''cattle''' causing '''severe''' [[Anaplasmosis | anaplasmosis]].
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| − | ==''Anaplasma centrale''==
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| − | Infects primarily cattle.
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| − | Inclusion bodies tend to be central within the red blood cells.
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| − | ==''Anaplasma mesaeterum'' and ''ovis''==
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| − | Infect mainly sheep and goats.
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| − | Usually cause mild disease only.
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| − | Inclusion bodies tend to be central within the red blood cells.
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| − | {{Learning
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| − | |literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A+%28Anaplasma%29/ Anaplasma Publications]
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| − | |flashcards = [[Anaplasmas Flashcards]]
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| − | }}
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| − | ==References==
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| − | {{CABI source
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| − | |datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=94680&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 ''Anaplasma centrale''], [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=94681&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 ''Anaplasma mesaeterum''], [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=94683&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 ''Anaplasma ovis''] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/Default.aspx?site=160&page=2144&LoadModule=datasheet&CompID=3&dsID=94684 ''Anaplasma marginale'']
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| − | |date = June 4, 2011
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| − | }}
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| − | <br><br><br>
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| − | {{Template:Nick Lyons
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| − | |date = October 16, 2011}}
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| − | {{OpenPages}}
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| − | [[Category:Rickettsiales]]
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| − | [[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]
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| − | [[Category:Nick Lyons reviewed]]
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