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Systemic Mycoses - Flashcards (view source)

Revision as of 13:09, 22 June 2011

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{{toplink
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==<font color="black">Adiaspiromycosis</font>==
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|linkpage =Systemic Mycoses
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|linktext =SYSTEMIC MYCOSES
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|sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBugs
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|subtext1 =WIKIBUGS FLASHCARDS
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|pagetype =Bugs
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}}
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==<font color="purple">Adiaspiromycosis</font>==
   
<FlashCard questions="2">
 
<FlashCard questions="2">
 
|q1=What is the pathogenesis of an adiaspiromycosis infection?
 
|q1=What is the pathogenesis of an adiaspiromycosis infection?
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<br>
 
<br>
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==<font color="purple">Aspergillosis</font>==
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==<font color="black">Aspergillosis</font>==
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{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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<FlashCard questions="6">
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
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|q1=<small>Fill in the missing words about aspergillosis infections:
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!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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<br />Aspergiollosis is found _____. It is widely present in _____ and can colonise a _____ range of substrates under _____ environmental conditions. It is abundant in ______ and ______ which have ______ during storage.
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!width="150"|'''Article'''
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|a1=Aspergiollosis is found worldwide. It is widely present in nature and can colonise a wide range of substrates under different> environmental conditions. It is abundant in hay, straw and grain which have heated during storage.
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|-
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|l1=Aspergillosis
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|<big>'''Fill in the missing words about aspergillosis infections'''
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|q2=What are the clinical signs of infection in birds?
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||<big>Aspergiollosis is found <font color="white">'''''worldwide'''''</font>. It is widely present in <font color="white">'''''nature'''''</font> and can colonise a <font color="white">'''''wide'''''</font> range of substrates under <font color="white">'''''different'''''</font> environmental conditions. It is abundant in <font color="white">'''''hay, straw'''''</font> and <font color="white">'''''grain'''''</font> which have <font color="white">'''''heated'''''</font> during storage.
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|a2=
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||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Diarrhoea
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|-
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*Listlessness
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|<big>'''What are the clinical signs of infection in birds?'''
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*Pyrexia
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*Loss of appetite
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*'''''Diarrhoea'''''
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*Loss of condition
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*'''''Listlessness'''''
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*Convulsions
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*'''''Pyrexia'''''
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*Death
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*'''''Loss of appetite'''''
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|l2=Aspergillosis
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*'''''Loss of condition'''''
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|q3=What do aspergillosis lesions look like in cattle?
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*'''''Convulsions'''''
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|a3=
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*'''''Death'''''
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*Up to 2mm in diameter
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||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Lesions contain asteroid bodies with a germinated spore in the centre
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|-
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*Miliary lesions in acute infections
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|<big>'''What do aspergillosis lesions look like in cattle?'''
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*Granulomatous and calcified lesions in chronic infections
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|l3=Aspergillosis
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*'''''Up to 2mm in diameter'''''
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|q4=What diseases does aspergillosis infections cause in horses?
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*'''''Lesions contain asteroid bodies with a germinated spore in the centre'''''
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|a4=
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*'''''Miliary lesions in acute infections'''''
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*Gutteral pouch mycosis
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*'''''Granulomatous and calcified lesions in chronic infections'''''
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*Chronic obstructive pulmonary airway disease (COPD)
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||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Mycotic abortion
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|-
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|l4=Aspergillosis
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|<big>'''What diseases does aspergillosis infections cause in horses?'''
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|q5=What do colonies look like on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|a5=
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*'''''Gutteral pouch mycosis'''''
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*White colonies initially
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*'''''Chronic obstructive pulmonary airway disease (COPD)'''''
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*Colonies turn green and then dark green
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*'''''Mycotic abortion'''''
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*Flat and velvety
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||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Colony colour varies with species
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|-
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|l5=Aspergillosis
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|<big>'''What do colonies look like on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar?'''
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|q6=How would you treat an infection of aspergillosis?
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|a6=
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*'''''White colonies initially'''''
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*Surgery
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*'''''Colonies turn green and then dark green'''''
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*Antifungal drugs
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*'''''Flat and velvety'''''
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*Ketoconazole
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*'''''Colony colour varies with species'''''
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*Nystatin
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||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Amphotericin B
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|-
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*5-fluorocytosine
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|<big>'''How would you treat an infection of aspergillosis?'''
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*Thiabendazole
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|l6=Aspergillosis
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*'''''Surgery'''''
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</FlashCard>
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*'''''Antifungal drugs'''''
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<br>
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**'''''Ketoconazole'''''
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**'''''Nystatin'''''
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==<font color="black">Blastomycosis</font>==
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**'''''Amphotericin B'''''
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<FlashCard questions="5">
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**'''''5-fluorocytosine'''''
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|q1=Describe the pathogenesis of a blastomycosis infection?
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**'''''Thiabendazole'''''
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|a1=
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||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Respiratory infection
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|}
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*Lesions start in the lungs
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*Haematogenous dissemination
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*Can be found in lesions in the eyes, brain, bones, skin and genitalia
 +
*Fatal if not treated
 +
*Skin lesions may ulcerate forming granulomatous nodules
 +
|l1=Blastomycosis
 +
|q2=What do colonies look like on Blood agar?
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|a2=
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*Cream coloured
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*Waxy
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*Crinkled
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|l2=Blastomycosis
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|q3=What do colonies look like on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar?
 +
|a3=
 +
*Grey coloured
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*Moist
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*White cotton-like mycelium which turns tan, brown and then black
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|l3=Blastomycosis
 +
|q4=How would you diagnose an infection?
 +
|a4=
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*Clinical signs
 +
*Complement fixation test
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*ELISA
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*Counterimmunoelectrophoresis
 +
|l4=Blastomycosis
 +
|q5=How would you treat an infection?
 +
|a5=
 +
*Amphotericin B
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*Imidazoles
 +
|l5=Blastomycosis
 +
</FlashCard>
 
<br>
 
<br>
   −
==<font color="purple">Blastomycosis</font>==
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==<font color="black">Coccidioidomycosis</font>==
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{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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<FlashCard questions="3">
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
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|q1=What environmental conditions does ''Coccidioides immitis'' prefer?
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!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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|a1=
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!width="150"|'''Article'''
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*Arid
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|-
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*Dusty
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|<big>'''Describe the pathogenesis of a blastomycosis infection?'''
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*E.g. Mexico and the South-Western USA
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|l1=Coccidioidomycosis
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*'''''Respiratory infection'''''
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|q2=Describe the pathogenesis of coccidiomycosis infections?
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*'''''Lesions start in the lungs'''''
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|a2=
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*'''''Haematogenous dissemination'''''
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*Respiratory infection
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*'''''Can be found in lesions in the eyes, brain, bones, skin and genitalia'''''
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*Causes localised nodules and granulomas
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*'''''Fatal if not treated'''''
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*Lesions usually seen in the mediastinal lymph nodes and lungs
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*'''''Skin lesions may ulcerate forming granulomatous nodules'''''
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*Dissemination can occur to the lungs, liver, spleen, brain and bones
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||[[Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|l2=Coccidioidomycosis
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|-
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|q3=How would you diagnose an infection?
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|<big>'''What do colonies look like on Blood agar?'''
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|a3=
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*Clinical signs
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*'''''Cream coloured'''''
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*Complement fixation test
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*'''''Waxy'''''
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*Latex agglutination
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*'''''Crinkled'''''
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*Immunodiffusion
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||[[Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*A positive skin test indicates exposure
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|-
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|l3=Coccidioidomycosis
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|<big>'''What do colonies look like on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar?'''
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</FlashCard>
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||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''Grey coloured'''''
  −
*'''''Moist'''''
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*'''''White cotton-like mycelium which turns tan, brown and then black'''''
  −
||[[Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''How would you diagnose an infection?'''
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||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''Clinical signs'''''
  −
*'''''Complement fixation test'''''
  −
*'''''ELISA'''''
  −
*'''''Counterimmunoelectrophoresis'''''
  −
||[[Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''How would you treat an infection?'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''Amphotericin B'''''
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*'''''Imidazoles'''''
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||[[Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|}
   
<br>
 
<br>
   −
==<font color="purple">Coccidioidomycosis</font>==
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==<font color="black">Entomophthoromycisus</font>==
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{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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<FlashCard questions="2">
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
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|q1=What clinical signs present with an infection of entomophthoromycisus?
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!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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|a1=
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!width="150"|'''Article'''
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*Ulcerative granulomas in subcutaneous tissue
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|-
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*Large lesions affecting the skin on the head, neck and chest which have fistulous tracts extending to the lymph nodes
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|<big>'''What environmental conditions does ''Coccidioides immitis'' prefer?'''
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|l1=Entomophthoromycisus
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|q2=How would you treat an infection?
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*'''''Arid'''''
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|a2=
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*'''''Dusty'''''
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*Surgical excision
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*'''''E.g. Mexico and the South-Western USA'''''
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*Amphotericin B
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||[[Coccidioidomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Ketoconazole
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|-
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|l2=Entomophthoromycisus
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|<big>'''Describe the pathogenesis of coccidiomycosis infections?'''
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</FlashCard>
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||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''Respiratory infection'''''
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*'''''Causes localised nodules and granulomas'''''
  −
*'''''Lesions usually seen in the mediastinal lymph nodes and lungs'''''
  −
*'''''Dissemination can occur to the lungs, liver, spleen, brain and bones'''''
  −
||[[Coccidioidomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''How would you diagnose an infection?'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''Clinical signs'''''
  −
*'''''Complement fixation test'''''
  −
*'''''Latex agglutination'''''
  −
*'''''Immunodiffusion'''''
  −
*'''''A positive skin test indicates exposure'''''
  −
||[[Coccidioidomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|}
   
<br>
 
<br>
   −
==<font color="purple">Entomophthoromycisus</font>==
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−
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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==<font color="black">Histoplasmosis</font>==
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
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<FlashCard questions="5">
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!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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|q1=True or False: Histoplasmosis infections occur solely through ingestion of fungal spores?
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!width="150"|'''Article'''
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|a1=
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|-
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*False
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|<big>'''What clinical signs present with an infection of entomophthoromycisus?'''
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*Infection is through both ingestion and respiratory
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|l1=Histoplasmosis
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*'''''Ulcerative granulomas in subcutaneous tissue'''''
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|q2=Which organs/bodily systems are affected?
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*'''''Large lesions affecting the skin on the head, neck and chest which have fistulous tracts extending to the lymph nodes'''''
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|a2=
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||[[Entomophthoromycisus|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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*Reticuloendothelial
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|-
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*Pulmonary
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|<big>'''How would you treat an infection?'''
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*Intestinal
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|l2=Histoplasmosis
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*'''''Surgical excision'''''
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|q3=Histoplasma capsulatum are found intracellularly in which type of cell?
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*'''''Amphotericin B'''''
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|a3=
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*'''''Ketoconazole'''''
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*Macrophages
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||[[Entomophthoromycisus|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|l3=Histoplasmosis
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|}
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|q4=How would you diagnose an infection?
 +
|a4=
 +
*Clinical signs
 +
*Complement fixation test
 +
*Counterimmunoelectrodiffusion
 +
*Immunodiffusion
 +
*A positive skin test indicates exposure only (not an active infection)
 +
|l4=Histoplasmosis
 +
|q5=How would you treat an infection?
 +
|a5=
 +
*Amphotericin B
 +
*If Amphotericin B is contra-indicated, imidazoles can be given
 +
*In acute and disseminated cases, the prognosis is poor
 +
|l5=Histoplasmosis
 +
</FlashCard>
 
<br>
 
<br>
   −
==<font color="purple">Histoplasmosis</font>==
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==<font color="black">Zygomycosis</font>==
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{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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<FlashCard questions="6">
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!width="400"|'''Question'''
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|q1=Which fungi cause zygomycosis?
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!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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|a1=
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!width="150"|'''Article'''
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*Mucor
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|-
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*Absidia
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|<big>'''True or False: Histoplasmosis infections occur solely through ingestion of fungal spores'''
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*Rhizopus
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*Mortierella
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*'''''False'''''
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|l1=Zygomycosis
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*'''''Infection is through both ingestion and respiratory'''''
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|q2=Describe the general pathogenesis of zygomycosis infections?
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||[[Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|a2=
−
|-
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*Infection is through inhalation and ingestion
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|<big>'''Which organs/bodily systems are affected?'''
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*Lymph nodes of the repiratory and ailimentary tract are infected
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||<font color="white"> <big>
+
*Lymph nodes enlarge and become caseous
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*'''''Reticuloendothelial'''''
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*Causes stomach and intestinal ulcers
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*'''''Pulmonary'''''
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*Lesions are usually localised (can become generalised)
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*'''''Intestinal'''''
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*Granulomatous lesions can ulcerate
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||[[Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|l2=Zygomycosis
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|-
+
|q3=Where do lesions occur in pigs?
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|<big>'''Histoplasma capsulatum are found intracellularly in which type of cell?'''
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|a3=
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
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*Mediastinal and submandibular lymph nodes
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*'''''Macrophages'''''
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*Stomach ulcers
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||[[Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
+
*Embolic tumours in the lungs and liver
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|-
+
|l3=Zygomycosis
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|<big>'''How would you diagnose an infection?'''
+
|q4=Where do lesions occur in cattle?
−
||<font color="white"> <big>
+
|a4=
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*'''''Clinical signs'''''
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*Mediastinal, bronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes
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*'''''Complement fixation test'''''
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*Ulcers in the nasal cavity and abomasum
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*'''''Counterimmunoelectrodiffusion'''''
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*Can contaminate the placenta
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*'''''Immunodiffusion'''''
+
|l4=Zygomycosis
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*'''''A positive skin test indicates exposure only (not an active infection)'''''
+
|q5=True or False: Zygomycosis are common labaratory contaminants?
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||[[Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|a5=
−
|-
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*True
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|<big>'''How would you treat an infection?'''
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|l5=Zygomycosis
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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|q6=How would you treat an infection?
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*'''''Amphotericin B'''''
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|a6=
−
*'''''If Amphotericin B is contra-indicated, imidazoles can be given'''''
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*Amphotericin B
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*'''''In acute and disseminated cases, the prognosis is poor'''''
+
*Surgical excision
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||[[Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
+
|l6=Zygomycosis
−
|}
+
</FlashCard>
 
<br>
 
<br>
   −
==<font color="purple">Zygomycosis</font>==
+
 
−
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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[[Category:Systemic Mycoses|Zz]][[Category:Fungi Flashcards]]
−
!width="400"|'''Question'''
  −
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
  −
!width="150"|'''Article'''
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''Which fungi cause zygomycosis?'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''Mucor'''''
  −
*'''''Absidia'''''
  −
*'''''Rhizopus'''''
  −
*'''''Mortierella'''''
  −
||[[Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''Describe the general pathogenesis of zygomycosis infections?'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''Infection is through inhalation and ingestion'''''
  −
*'''''Lymph nodes of the repiratory and ailimentary tract are infected'''''
  −
*'''''Lymph nodes enlarge and become caseous'''''
  −
*'''''Causes stomach and intestinal ulcers'''''
  −
*'''''Lesions are usually localised (can become generalised)'''''
  −
*'''''Granulomatous lesions can ulcerate'''''
  −
||[[Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''Where do lesions occur in pigs?'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''Mediastinal and submandibular lymph nodes'''''
  −
*'''''Stomach ulcers'''''
  −
*'''''Embolic tumours in the lungs and liver'''''
  −
||[[Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''Where do lesions occur in cattle?'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''Mediastinal, bronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes'''''
  −
*'''''Ulcers in the nasal cavity and abomasum'''''
  −
*'''''Can contaminate the placenta'''''
  −
||[[Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''True or False: Zygomycosis are common labaratory contaminants'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''True'''''
  −
||[[Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|-
  −
|<big>'''How would you treat an infection'''
  −
||<font color="white"> <big>
  −
*'''''Amphotericin B'''''
  −
*'''''Surgical excision'''''
  −
||[[Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
  −
|}
 
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