Author, Donkey, Bureaucrats, Administrators
53,803
edits
Changes
no edit summary
<FlashCard questions="14">
|q1=What family do the Toroviruses belong to?
|a1=''Coronaviridae''
|l1=Toroviruses#Introduction
|q2=What type of viruses are Toroviruses and what are their properties?
|a2=
*Enveloped positive sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses
*Pleomorphic
*120-140 nm in diameter
*Relatively stable in acid or alkaline environment between pH 2.5-10
|l2= Toroviruses#Introduction
|q3= What are the names given to Toroviruses found in horses?
|a3=
*Equine torovirus (ETV)
*Prototype Berne virus
|l3= Toroviruses#Introduction
|q4= What are the names given to Toroviruses found in cattle?
|a4=
*Bovine torovirus (BoTV)
*Prototype Breda virus
|l4= Toroviruses#Introduction
|q5= What species are the Toroviruses found in?
|a5=
Hosts include:
*Cattle
*Zebu
*Goats
*Horses
*Sheep
*Pigs
*Lagomorphs
*Rodents
*Domestic cats
*Humans
|l5= Toroviruses#Signalment
|q6= What are the clinical signs of the Toroviruses in cattle?
|a6=
In all ages of cattle it can cause:
*Diarrhoea
*Pyrexia
*Dehydration
*Lethargy
*Depression
In calves it causes:
*Anorexia and mucoid faeces
*Neurological signs; generalised weakness, paralysis, inability to stand, trembling and sudden death.
*Respiratory problems such as laryngitis, tracheitis and pneumonia.
Young, colostrum-deprived calves are particularly at risk.
|l6= Toroviruses#Clinical Signs
|q7= What are the clinical signs of the Toroviruses in cats?
|a7=
*Diarrhoea
*Protruding nictating membranes
|l7= Toroviruses#Clinical Signs
|q8= What are the clinical signs of the Toroviruses in pigs?
|a8=
Pigs can shed the torovirus without showing any symptoms of disease.
|l8= Toroviruses#Clinical Signs
|q9= How is the Torovirus transmitted?
|a9=
It is presumed that it is spread via the faecal-oral route and through subclinical or chronically infected cattle.
|l9= Toroviruses#Epidemiology
|q10= What is the distribution of Toroviruses?
|a10=Worldwide in cattle and horses
|l10= Toroviruses#Distribution
|q11= How is the Torovirus detected?
|a11=
Diagnostic methods include a combination of:
*Electron microscopy
*Immuno-electron microscopy (IEM)- which can differentiate the Toroviruses from Coronaviruses
*Haemagglutination inhibition
*ELISA
|l11= Toroviruses#Diagnosis
|q12= What effect does the virus have on the intestinal wall?
|a12=
*Villus fusion
*Villus atrophy
*Thinning of intestinal wall
|l12= Toroviruses#Diagnosis
|q13= How do you treat for Torovirus infections?
|a13=
There is no specific treatment; only supportive fluid treatment for diarrhoea and antibiotics for secondary infections.
|l13=Toroviruses#Treatment
|q14= How do you control Toroviruses?
|a14=
*Isolation of infected animals
*Good hygiene and sanitary measures
|l14=Toroviruses#Control
</FlashCard>
[[Category: Virus Flashcards]]
[[Category: Virus Flashcards]]
[[Category:CABI Flashcards]]
[[Category:CABI Flashcards]]
[[Category:Cattle Flashcards]]
[[Category: To Do - Jaimie Meagor]]
[[Category:Horse Flashcards]]