Difference between revisions of "Toroviruses Flashcards"
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| + | <FlashCard questions="14"> | ||
| + | |q1=What family do the Toroviruses belong to? | ||
| + | |a1=''Coronaviridae'' | ||
| + | |l1=Toroviruses#Introduction | ||
| + | |q2=What type of viruses are Toroviruses and what are their properties? | ||
| + | |a2= | ||
| + | *Enveloped positive sense single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses | ||
| + | *Pleomorphic | ||
| + | *120-140 nm in diameter | ||
| + | *Relatively stable in acid or alkaline environment between pH 2.5-10 | ||
| + | |l2= Toroviruses#Introduction | ||
| + | |q3= What are the names given to Toroviruses found in horses? | ||
| + | |a3= | ||
| + | *Equine torovirus (ETV) | ||
| + | *Prototype Berne virus | ||
| + | |l3= Toroviruses#Introduction | ||
| + | |q4= What are the names given to Toroviruses found in cattle? | ||
| + | |a4= | ||
| + | *Bovine torovirus (BoTV) | ||
| + | *Prototype Breda virus | ||
| + | |l4= Toroviruses#Introduction | ||
| + | |q5= What species are the Toroviruses found in? | ||
| + | |a5= | ||
| + | Hosts include: | ||
| + | *Cattle | ||
| + | *Zebu | ||
| + | *Goats | ||
| + | *Horses | ||
| + | *Sheep | ||
| + | *Pigs | ||
| + | *Lagomorphs | ||
| + | *Rodents | ||
| + | *Domestic cats | ||
| + | *Humans | ||
| + | |l5= Toroviruses#Signalment | ||
| + | |q6= What are the clinical signs of the Toroviruses in cattle? | ||
| + | |a6= | ||
| + | In all ages of cattle it can cause: | ||
| + | *Diarrhoea | ||
| + | *Pyrexia | ||
| + | *Dehydration | ||
| + | *Lethargy | ||
| + | *Depression | ||
| + | In calves it causes: | ||
| + | *Anorexia and mucoid faeces | ||
| + | *Neurological signs; generalised weakness, paralysis, inability to stand, trembling and sudden death. | ||
| + | *Respiratory problems such as laryngitis, tracheitis and pneumonia. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Young, colostrum-deprived calves are particularly at risk. | ||
| + | |l6= Toroviruses#Clinical Signs | ||
| + | |q7= What are the clinical signs of the Toroviruses in cats? | ||
| + | |a7= | ||
| + | *Diarrhoea | ||
| + | *Protruding nictating membranes | ||
| + | |l7= Toroviruses#Clinical Signs | ||
| + | |q8= What are the clinical signs of the Toroviruses in pigs? | ||
| + | |a8= | ||
| + | Pigs can shed the torovirus without showing any symptoms of disease. | ||
| + | |l8= Toroviruses#Clinical Signs | ||
| + | |q9= How is the Torovirus transmitted? | ||
| + | |a9= | ||
| + | It is presumed that it is spread via the faecal-oral route and through subclinical or chronically infected cattle. | ||
| + | |l9= Toroviruses#Epidemiology | ||
| + | |q10= What is the distribution of Toroviruses? | ||
| + | |a10=Worldwide in cattle and horses | ||
| + | |l10= Toroviruses#Distribution | ||
| + | |q11= How is the Torovirus detected? | ||
| + | |a11= | ||
| + | Diagnostic methods include a combination of: | ||
| + | *Electron microscopy | ||
| + | *Immuno-electron microscopy (IEM)- which can differentiate the Toroviruses from Coronaviruses | ||
| + | *Haemagglutination inhibition | ||
| + | *ELISA | ||
| + | |l11= Toroviruses#Diagnosis | ||
| + | |q12= What effect does the virus have on the intestinal wall? | ||
| + | |a12= | ||
| + | *Villus fusion | ||
| + | *Villus atrophy | ||
| + | *Thinning of intestinal wall | ||
| + | |l12= Toroviruses#Diagnosis | ||
| + | |q13= How do you treat for Torovirus infections? | ||
| + | |a13= | ||
| + | There is no specific treatment; only supportive fluid treatment for diarrhoea and antibiotics for secondary infections. | ||
| + | |l13=Toroviruses#Treatment | ||
| + | |q14= How do you control Toroviruses? | ||
| + | |a14= | ||
| + | *Isolation of infected animals | ||
| + | *Good hygiene and sanitary measures | ||
| + | |l14=Toroviruses#Control | ||
| + | </FlashCard> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
[[Category: Virus Flashcards]] | [[Category: Virus Flashcards]] | ||
[[Category:CABI Flashcards]] | [[Category:CABI Flashcards]] | ||
| − | + | [[Category:Cattle Flashcards]] | |
| − | [[Category: | + | [[Category:Horse Flashcards]] |
Latest revision as of 16:43, 4 July 2011
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| What family do the Toroviruses belong to? | Coronaviridae
|
Link to Article | |
| What type of viruses are Toroviruses and what are their properties? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the names given to Toroviruses found in horses? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the names given to Toroviruses found in cattle? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What species are the Toroviruses found in? | Hosts include:
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the clinical signs of the Toroviruses in cattle? | In all ages of cattle it can cause:
In calves it causes:
Young, colostrum-deprived calves are particularly at risk. |
Link to Article | |
| What are the clinical signs of the Toroviruses in cats? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the clinical signs of the Toroviruses in pigs? | Pigs can shed the torovirus without showing any symptoms of disease. |
Link to Article | |
| How is the Torovirus transmitted? | It is presumed that it is spread via the faecal-oral route and through subclinical or chronically infected cattle. |
Link to Article | |
| What is the distribution of Toroviruses? | Worldwide in cattle and horses
|
Link to Article | |
| How is the Torovirus detected? | Diagnostic methods include a combination of:
|
Link to Article | |
| What effect does the virus have on the intestinal wall? |
|
Link to Article | |
| How do you treat for Torovirus infections? | There is no specific treatment; only supportive fluid treatment for diarrhoea and antibiotics for secondary infections. |
Link to Article | |
| How do you control Toroviruses? |
|
Link to Article | |