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==Intestinal Eventration==
 
==Intestinal Eventration==
This complication is '''rare''' and generally only occurs following an '''open''' castration. It may occur either as a result of '''straining post-operatively''' in the presence of '''large inguinal rings''', or '''secondary to a hernia''' present prior to castration. It will normally occur in the first 24 hours post-op.  
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This complication is '''rare''' and generally only occurs following an '''open''' castration, however it is lifethreatening and immediate action is required. It may occur either as a result of '''straining post-operatively''' in the presence of '''large inguinal rings''', or '''secondary to a hernia''' present prior to castration. It will normally occur in the first 24 hours post-op, but can occur up to one week following surgery.  
    
===Treatment===
 
===Treatment===
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* Wrap in a moist clean sheet and rubbish bag to prevent further contamination
 
* Wrap in a moist clean sheet and rubbish bag to prevent further contamination
 
* Wash the intestines with warm saline and antibiotic solution  
 
* Wash the intestines with warm saline and antibiotic solution  
* Identify the vaginal tunic and feed the intestines back through the inguinal ring with or without extending the inguinal ring cranially
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* Identify the vaginal tunic and feed the intestines back through the inguinal ring with or without extending the inguinal ring cranially via a midline laparotomy
 
* Suture closed or pack the external inguinal ring
 
* Suture closed or pack the external inguinal ring
 
* If the bowel is compromised or damaged it may require resection.
 
* If the bowel is compromised or damaged it may require resection.
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* Systemic antibiotics, anti-endotoxins and fluids should be administered.
    
'''2) If extended to ground and trodden''':
 
'''2) If extended to ground and trodden''':
 
* Hopeless prognosis
 
* Hopeless prognosis
* Euthanasia the only appropriate treatment  
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* Euthanasia the only appropriate treatment
    
=Oedema=
 
=Oedema=
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