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[[Poxviridae]]
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==Introduction==
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[[Poxviridae]] infect many species and disease often '''affects the skin''', although '''systemic infections''' may also occur in which clinical signs of the disease may or may not be apparent.
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*Lesion development:
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Poxvirus infections often cause '''proliferative epithelial lesions in birds''' whereas papular and/or pustular epithelial lesions are characteristic of poxvirus-infected mammals and only in some cases do they become proliferative.
**Due to viral invasion of epithelium
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**Vascular injury -> ischaemic necrosis
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**Stimulation of host DNA -> hyperplastic nodules
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*Cutaneous lesions:
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**[[Skin Glossary - Pathology|Macule]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|papule]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|vesicle]] -> umbilicated [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|pustule]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|crust]] -> [[Skin Glossary - Pathology|scar]]
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[[Orf]]
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The poxviruses are the largest animal viruses which contain single, linear molecules of double-stranded DNA.
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==Skin lesion development==
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Lesions develop due to '''viral invasion of the epithelium''' leading to '''vascular injury and ischaemic necrosis'''.
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There is stimulation of the host DNA and the formation of '''hyperplastic nodules'''.
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Skin lesions usually progress from '''papule to vesicle, to umbilicated pustule, to crust and finally to a scar'''.
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==Poxviruses with skin signs==
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===Sheep and goats===
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[[Orf]] and [[Capripox|Sheep and goat pox]]
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===Cattle===
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[[Bovine Papular Stomatitis]], [[Cow Pox]], Pseudocowpox, [[Lumpy Skin Disease]] and Vaccinia
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===Pigs===
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[[Pig Pox|Swinepox]]
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===Cats===
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[[Cow Pox]]
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===Avian species===
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[[Fowl Pox]], Pigeon Pox and Canary Pox
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===Rabbits===
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[[Myxomatosis]], [[Shope fibroma virus]] and [[Malignant rabbit fibroma virus]]
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==Diagnosis==
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A definitive diagnosis is made '''histologically''' by observing the characteristic '''intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in epithelial cells'''.
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==References==
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Quinn, P.J. (1994) '''Clinical veterinary microbiology''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences''
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Hirsh, D. (2004) '''Veterinary microbiology''' ''Wiley-Blackwell''
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[[Category:To Do - Helen]]
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[[Category:To Do - Review]]
    
[[Category:Integumentary System - Viral Infections]]
 
[[Category:Integumentary System - Viral Infections]]
 
[[Category:To Do - Manson]]
 
[[Category:To Do - Manson]]
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