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Created page with "==Introduction== Spindle cells are of '''mesenchymal origin''', and form the body's connective tissue, fat, muscle, bone, cartilage and blood vessels. Spindle cell tumours can ..."
==Introduction==
Spindle cells are of '''mesenchymal origin''', and form the body's connective tissue, fat, muscle, bone, cartilage and blood vessels.
Spindle cell tumours can be benign or malignant, and will arise from these different cell lines.
It can be '''difficult to differentiate''' between the different forms of spindle cell tumours, and also to distinguish between spindle cell neoplasia and a fibroplastic spindle cell proliferative response.
===Connective tissue tumours===
[[Fibroma]] and [[Fibrosarcoma]]
Myxoma and myxosarcoma
===Tumours of fat===
[[Lipoma]] and liposarcoma
===Tumours of muscle===
[[Leiomyoma]] and leiomyosarcoma
===Tumours of the blood vessel endothelium===
[[Haemangioma]] and [[Haemangiosarcoma]]
===Tumours of the lymphatics===
Lymphangioma and lymphangiosarcoma
===Other tumours===
[[Haemangiopericytoma]] and [[Peripheral Nerve Tumours|Schwannoma]]
==Diagnosis==
Generally spindle cell tumours '''do not exfoliate well''', although exception exist.
On '''cytological examination''': cells are individual rather than adherent, fusiform, and with indistinct cell borders. Nuclei are often fusiform as well and cytoplasmic tails may fade into the background. It may be possible to determine the tissue of origin if there is evidence of collagen, cartilage, bone, fat or myxomatous material formation by the tumour cells.
Often, a diagnosis of spindle cell tumour is as specific a diagnosis as can be made.
Common cytological findings for '''benign''' spindle cell tumours include: small spindle-shaped cells, small nuclei, minimal anisocytosis.
Cyological findings for '''soft tissue sarcomas''' include:
:large, plump spindle cells
:large nuclei and prominent nucleoli
:prominent nuclear variability
:multinucleated giant cells
:pink extracellular stroma
Spindle cell proliferation occurs as a '''fibroplastic response''' in granulomatous inflammation, and this may be impossible to differentiate from benign or malignant neoplasms.
A '''biopsy and histopathology''' are usually necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
==Treatment and prognosis==
'''Benign forms''' are usually well circumscribed and can be surgically removed with an '''excellent prognosis'''.
'''Malignant forms''' are often '''highly infiltrative and locally aggressive''', with a high likelihood of '''recurrence'''. '''Wide surgical excision''' is the treatment of choice.
They metastasise rarely (apart from [[Haemangiosarcoma|haemangiosarcomas]]).
In all cases, a '''rapid and accurate diagnosis''' is important for treatment and prognosis.
==References==
Bond, R. (2009) '''Skin Neoplasia''' ''RVC student notes''
Jackson, M. (2007) '''Veterinary clinical pathology''' ''Wiley-Blackwell''
Freeman, K. (2007) '''Self-assessment colour review of Veterinary Cytology''' ''Manson Publishing''
[[Category:To Do - Helen]]
[[Category:To Do - Review]]
Spindle cells are of '''mesenchymal origin''', and form the body's connective tissue, fat, muscle, bone, cartilage and blood vessels.
Spindle cell tumours can be benign or malignant, and will arise from these different cell lines.
It can be '''difficult to differentiate''' between the different forms of spindle cell tumours, and also to distinguish between spindle cell neoplasia and a fibroplastic spindle cell proliferative response.
===Connective tissue tumours===
[[Fibroma]] and [[Fibrosarcoma]]
Myxoma and myxosarcoma
===Tumours of fat===
[[Lipoma]] and liposarcoma
===Tumours of muscle===
[[Leiomyoma]] and leiomyosarcoma
===Tumours of the blood vessel endothelium===
[[Haemangioma]] and [[Haemangiosarcoma]]
===Tumours of the lymphatics===
Lymphangioma and lymphangiosarcoma
===Other tumours===
[[Haemangiopericytoma]] and [[Peripheral Nerve Tumours|Schwannoma]]
==Diagnosis==
Generally spindle cell tumours '''do not exfoliate well''', although exception exist.
On '''cytological examination''': cells are individual rather than adherent, fusiform, and with indistinct cell borders. Nuclei are often fusiform as well and cytoplasmic tails may fade into the background. It may be possible to determine the tissue of origin if there is evidence of collagen, cartilage, bone, fat or myxomatous material formation by the tumour cells.
Often, a diagnosis of spindle cell tumour is as specific a diagnosis as can be made.
Common cytological findings for '''benign''' spindle cell tumours include: small spindle-shaped cells, small nuclei, minimal anisocytosis.
Cyological findings for '''soft tissue sarcomas''' include:
:large, plump spindle cells
:large nuclei and prominent nucleoli
:prominent nuclear variability
:multinucleated giant cells
:pink extracellular stroma
Spindle cell proliferation occurs as a '''fibroplastic response''' in granulomatous inflammation, and this may be impossible to differentiate from benign or malignant neoplasms.
A '''biopsy and histopathology''' are usually necessary to confirm the diagnosis.
==Treatment and prognosis==
'''Benign forms''' are usually well circumscribed and can be surgically removed with an '''excellent prognosis'''.
'''Malignant forms''' are often '''highly infiltrative and locally aggressive''', with a high likelihood of '''recurrence'''. '''Wide surgical excision''' is the treatment of choice.
They metastasise rarely (apart from [[Haemangiosarcoma|haemangiosarcomas]]).
In all cases, a '''rapid and accurate diagnosis''' is important for treatment and prognosis.
==References==
Bond, R. (2009) '''Skin Neoplasia''' ''RVC student notes''
Jackson, M. (2007) '''Veterinary clinical pathology''' ''Wiley-Blackwell''
Freeman, K. (2007) '''Self-assessment colour review of Veterinary Cytology''' ''Manson Publishing''
[[Category:To Do - Helen]]
[[Category:To Do - Review]]