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Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 11:39, 11 August 2011
, 11:39, 11 August 2011→Trochlear nerve (IV)
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During a clinical examination, a dorso-lateral strabismus may indicate a problem with this nerve.
During a clinical examination, a dorso-lateral strabismus may indicate a problem with this nerve.
===Trigeminal nerve (V)===
The trigeminal nerve is part of the cranial nerve group responsible for innervation of structures originating from branchial arches. The trigeminal nerve nuclei is in the area of the pons and medulla oblongata and is the nerve of the 1st branchial arch. In general terms the trigeminal represents the sensory nerve of the head but also provides motor fibres to structures also assoicated with the 1st branchial arch. There are three primary branches of the trigeminal nerve; the '''Opthalmic nerve (V1)''', the ''' Maxillary nerve (V2)''' and the '''Mandibular nerve (V3)'''.
====Opthalmic nerve (V1)====
The opthalmic nerve is a sensory nerve composed of '''general somatic afferent fibres''' and passes through the '''orbital fissue'''. As it enters the orbit of the eye it splits further into the '''lacrimal nerve''', the '''frontal nerve''', the '''nasociliary nerve''' and the '''infratrochlear nerve'''. Therefore the nerve supplies sensory fibres to many aspects of the eye orbit.
====Maxillary nerve (V2)====
The maxillary nerve passes through the '''round foramen''' and the '''alar canal'''.
====Mandibular nerve (V3)====
The mandibular nerve passes through the '''oval foramen'''.
===Abducent nerve (VI)===
===Abducent nerve (VI)===
The abducent nerve is part of the cranial nerve group responsible for innervation of the muscles of the head. The abducent nerve originates from the medulla oblongata and is a motor nerve. It is composed of '''general somatic efferent fibres''' which are responsible for controlling the 'lateral rectus' muscle and the 'restractor bulbi' muscle of the eye. The nerve passes through the '''orbital fissure''' and can be found within the same layer of the meninges as the opthalmic branch (V1) of the trigeminal nerve (V).
The abducent nerve is part of the cranial nerve group responsible for innervation of the muscles of the head. The abducent nerve originates from the medulla oblongata and is a motor nerve. It is composed of '''general somatic efferent fibres''' which are responsible for controlling the 'lateral rectus' muscle and the 'restractor bulbi' muscle of the eye. The nerve passes through the '''orbital fissure''' and can be found within the same layer of the meninges as the opthalmic branch (V1) of the trigeminal nerve (V).