Author, Donkey, Bureaucrats, Administrators
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→Lymphoid Neoplasms
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−{{review}}
−{{toplink
−|linkpage =General Pathology
−|linktext =General Pathology
−|maplink = General Pathology (Content Map)
−|pagetype =Pathology
−|sublink1=Disorders of Cell Growth - Pathology
−|subtext1=DISORDERS OF CELL GROWTH
−}}
−<br>
+* '''Lymphoma''', '''malignant lymphoma''' and '''lymphosarcoma''' are different terms for the same condition.
−
−===== Classification=====
−
−* '''Cytological classification'''.
−** Well differentiaed (lymphocytic)
−*** The malignant cells represent normal lymphocytes, although in excessive numbers.
−** Poorly differentiated (lymphoblastic).
−*** The malignant cells represent atypical lymphocytic cells with lymphoblastic characteristics.
−* '''Tumour distribution'''
−** Nodular/ follicular.
−*** A well organised pattern of slow growth.
−*** No metastasis.
−*** Are of the B-lymphocyte type.
−** Diffuse.
−*** Result in effacement of normal lymphoid architecture by a very homogeneous population of lymphoid cells.
−* '''Anatomical classification'''
−** Thymic.
−** Only the [[Thymus - Anatomy & Physiology|thymus]].
−** Alimentary.
−*** Gut and associated lymphoid tissue.
−** Multicentric.
−*** Widespread involvement of lymph nodes.
−** Cutaneous lymphoma.
−*** Usually presents as generalised skin disease, but is a malignant transformation of T cells with a propensity for pithelial sites
−* '''Type of lymphocyte'''
−** T-cell.
−** B-cell.
−** NK-cell.
−* '''Time scale'''
−** Acute.
−** Chronic.
−
−=====Prevalence=====
−
−* Order of prevalence in UK: cats, dogs, cattle, pigs and sheep.
−** In the cat and ox, viral agents have been identified as the causal agents.
−* Lymphoma is one of the prevalent neoplasms in the dog.
−** 80% of cases affect the 5 to 11 year old age group.
−** The incidence is about 28 per 100,000 dogs.
−** Blood of affected dogs shows neither a relative nor absolute increase in the number of lymphocytes until the late stages of the disease.
−*** When this stage is reached, poorly differentiated cells may appear in the blood.
−* FeLV is an important cause of lymphoma in the cat.
−** 70% of cats with lymphoma will test positive for FeLV.
−** FeLV also causes a number of non-neoplastic diseases.
−*** Anaemia.
−*** Leukopaenia.
−*** Thymic atrophy.
−* Cattle suffer both lymphosarcoma and leukosis in a variety of cytological forms.
−** Bovine lymphoma is caused by Bovine Leukaemia Virus (BLV).
−*** A retrovirus.
−*** There is a juvenile form of bovine lymphoma seen in young cattle which is not associated with BLV.
−
−=====Species Differences=====
−
−* The form of the disease may differe between species.
−* '''Feline'''
−** Alimentary.
−*** Affects the mesenteric lymph nodes, intestine, [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]], spleen , and potentially the kidney.
−** Thymic
−*** Presents as a thymis mass, also in the mediastinal lymph nodes.
−*** The pleural lymph nodes and the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] may potentially be affected.
−** Multicentric
−*** Found in the peripheral and deep lymph nodes, [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] and spleen.
−**** The kidney may sometimes be affected.
−** Renal
−*** The kidney and other abdominal organs are affected.
−** Leukaemic
−*** Affects the bone marrow alone.
−*** This form is rare.
−* '''Canine'''
−** Alimentary.
−*** Affects the mesenteric lymph nodes, pancreatic lymph nodes, intestine, and potentially the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]].
−** Thymic.
−*** Thymic and mediastinal masses.
−** Multicentric.
−*** Affects the peripheral and deep lymph nodes, [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]], spleen and kidney.
−* '''Bovine'''
−** Thymic.
−*** Mainly affects adults.
−*** Thymic and mediastinal masses.
−*** Some lymph nodes are also affected.
−** Multicentric.
−*** Mainly affects yopung adults.
−*** Affects the peripheral and deep lymph nodes, spleen, [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] and kidney.
−* '''Equine'''
−** Takes mainly an alimentary form.
−** Can rarely be cutaneous.
−* '''Porcine'''
−** Mainly multicentric.
−*** Lymph nodes, [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]], spleen.
−* '''Ovine'''
−** Uncommon.
−** May be multicentric or thymic.
==Neoplasia==
==Neoplasia==
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** Assess the results of treatment.
** Assess the results of treatment.
* It must be remembered that there are several types of proliferative change, and neoplasia must be distinguised from these.
* It must be remembered that there are several types of proliferative change, and neoplasia must be distinguised from these.
−** In addition to neoplasia, [[Disorders of Cell Growth - Pathology#Hyperplasia|hyperplasia]] and [[Disorders of Cell Growth - Pathology#Dysplasia|dysplasia]] are also proliferative changes.
+** In addition to neoplasia, [[Cell Growth Disorders#Hyperplasia|hyperplasia]] and [[Cell Growth Disorders#Dysplasia|dysplasia]] are also proliferative changes.
* Inflammatory, repair and granuloma lesions may also masquerade as neoplasms.
* Inflammatory, repair and granuloma lesions may also masquerade as neoplasms.
** However, destructive or necrotic tumours may have inflammation present.
** However, destructive or necrotic tumours may have inflammation present.
* Unlike inflammation, hyperplasia or dysplasia, neoplastic cells show uncontrolled proliferation in the absence of a triggering stimulus.
* Unlike inflammation, hyperplasia or dysplasia, neoplastic cells show uncontrolled proliferation in the absence of a triggering stimulus.
−===Categories of Classifiaction===
+===Categories of Classification===
* Tumours are classified by:
* Tumours are classified by:
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*#* E.g. neuropathies, cerebellar degeneration, encaphalitis.
*#* E.g. neuropathies, cerebellar degeneration, encaphalitis.
*# Bone marrow malfunction.
*# Bone marrow malfunction.
−*#* E.g. [[Haemorrhage - Pathology#Purpura|purpuric disease]], anaemia, [[Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation|disseminated intravascular coagulation]].
+*#* E.g. [[Haemorrhage#Purpura|purpuric disease]], anaemia, [[Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation|disseminated intravascular coagulation]].
===Endocrine Aspects===
===Endocrine Aspects===
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* The following are good veterinary examples:
* The following are good veterinary examples:
** Mammary tumours in dogs and cats.
** Mammary tumours in dogs and cats.
−** Adenocarcinoma in the [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] of the sheep.
+** Adenocarcinoma in the [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] of the sheep.
** Pulmonary adenomatosis in the sheep.
** Pulmonary adenomatosis in the sheep.
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** Also recorded in Iceland, Norway, New Zealand and Australia.
** Also recorded in Iceland, Norway, New Zealand and Australia.
* Affects mature sheep up to 6 years of age.
* Affects mature sheep up to 6 years of age.
−* Animals are cachectic and show [[Oedema - Pathology#Introduction|ascites]].
+* Animals are cachectic and show [[Oedema#Introduction|ascites]].
−* Tumours are ususally found in the [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]].
+* Tumours are ususally found in the [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]].
** Are annular, causing stenosis.
** Are annular, causing stenosis.
*** There is proximal dilation.
*** There is proximal dilation.
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====Lymphoid Neoplasms====
====Lymphoid Neoplasms====
−See [[Lymphoma]]
−====Lymphocytic Leukaemia====
====Lymphocytic Leukaemia====
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** Gives rise to extensive endothelial lined vascular channels.
** Gives rise to extensive endothelial lined vascular channels.
** Haemorrhage and necrosis are common.
** Haemorrhage and necrosis are common.
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+[[Category:General Pathology]][[Category:Neoplasia]]