Difference between revisions of "Pasteurella species and Mannheimia haemolytica"
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| − | # | + | <big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big> |
| + | <big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big> | ||
| + | |||
| + | *''Pasteurella multocida'' in [[Nasal cavity - inflammatory#Bacterial rhinitis|Atrophic rhinitis of pigs]] and [[Bacterial infections#In Pigs|atrophic rhinitis]] | ||
| + | * [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#Peritonitis|Peritonitis in sheep]] | ||
| + | * [[General Pathology - Oedema#Permeability type|Permeability types of pulmonary oedema]]. | ||
| + | * Can be secondary to [[Viral infections#In Cattle|IBR]] | ||
| + | *Causes [[Bacterial infections#In Rabbits|'Snuffles' in rabbits]] | ||
| + | *[[Bacterial infections#Pasteurellosis in pigs|Pasteurellosis in pigs]] | ||
| + | * Can cause vascular fragility, leading to [[General Pathology - Haemostasis#Haemorrhagic Disease Due To Vascular Fragility|haemorrhagic disease]]. | ||
| + | *''M. haemolytica'' and ''P. multocida'' may contribute to [[Bacterial infections#Enzootic pneumonia of calves|Enzootic pneumonia of calves]] | ||
| + | *Often follows [[Viral infections#Parainfluenza- 3|parainfluenza - 3]] infection of cattle | ||
| + | *''P. haemolytica'' in [[Bacterial infections#Enzootic pneumonia of lambs|enzootic pneumonia of lambs]] | ||
| + | *In [[Pleural cavity and membranes - inflammatory#Pyothorax (Thoracic empyema)|pyothorax]] | ||
| + | *''P. multocida'' in [[Muscles - inflammatory#Abscesses|cellulitis]] in cats | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===Overview ''Pasteurella'' and ''Mannheimia''=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Common commensals of the upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract mucosa of animals | ||
| + | *Usually opportunistic organisms, causing disease during times of stress, low resistance or concurrent infection | ||
| + | *Not part of the human bacterial flora | ||
| + | *Small Gram-negative bacilli or coccobacilli | ||
| + | *Facultative anaerobes | ||
| + | *Oxidase-positive | ||
| + | *May show bipolar staining with polychrome stains such as Wright's stain | ||
| + | *Capsules contain acidic polysaccharides | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===''Pasteurella'' Properties=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Catarrhal odour | ||
| + | *Produce endotoxins which cause host damage and death | ||
| + | *Their capsules resist phagocytosis | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===''Pasteurella multocida''=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Large grey colonies on blood agar | ||
| + | *Not haemolytic | ||
| + | *Do not grow on MacConkey | ||
| + | *Five capsular serotypes, A,B,D,E and F | ||
| + | *Primary and secondary pathogen | ||
| + | *Responsible for secondary infections following primary viral and mycoplasmal infections, especially in the lungs, for example during pig enzootic pneumonia | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Typa A | ||
| + | **Commensal in upper respiratory tract of animals in UK | ||
| + | **Primary pathogen in avian cholera - a septicaemia in chickens and turkeys | ||
| + | **Secondary pathogen commomly repsonsible for dog and cat bite wound infections in humans and animals | ||
| + | **Feline pyothorax and other serositides | ||
| + | **Some strains involved in [[Nasal cavity - inflammatory#Bacterial rhinitis|Atrophic rhinitis of pigs]], and produce osteolytic toxin | ||
| + | **Involved in [[Bacterial infections#In Rabbits|'Snuffles' in rabbits]], a mucopurulent rhinosinitis | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Type B | ||
| + | **Causes Haemorrhagic Septicaemia of cattle in Southern Europe and Asia | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Type D | ||
| + | **Primary and secondary pathogen | ||
| + | **Causes [[Bacterial infections#In Pigs|atrophic rhinitis]] along with [[Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella avium|''Bordetella bronchiseptica'']] in pigs | ||
| + | **''Pasteurella multocida'' adhere to epithelium damaged by [[Bordetella bronchiseptica and Bordetella avium|''Bordetella bronchiseptica'']] | ||
| + | **Produces an osteolytic toxin (Pmt), which stimulates osteoclasts, inducing bone resorption of the nasal turbinates | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Type E | ||
| + | **Causes African Bovine Haemorrhagic Septicaemia | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===''Pasteurella pneumotropica''=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Carried in nasopharynx of many small rodents | ||
| + | *Causes pneumonia in rodents as a secondary disease | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===''Pasteurella trehalosi''=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *T biotypes - trehalose fermenters | ||
| + | *Pneumonia in ruminants | ||
| + | *Septicaemic pasteurellosis in feeder lambs | ||
| + | *Mastitis in sheep | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===''Pasteurella canis''=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Pneumonia in dogs | ||
| + | *Occasionally infects wounds | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===''Pasteurella caballi''=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Equine respiratory tract disease, usually in association with ''Streptococcus equi'' subspecies [[Streptococci#S. zooepidemicus|''S. zooepidemicus'']] | ||
| + | *Equine peritonitis | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===''Pasteurella aerogenes''=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Associated with gastroenteritis and abortion in swine | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===''Mannheimia''=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===''Mannheimia haemolytica''=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Cause of epizootic pneumonia in cattle known as Shipping Fever, Transit Fever or [[Bacterial infections#Pneumonic pasteurellosis|pneumonic pasteurellosis]] (90% caused by Biotype A, serotype 1 but also ''Pasteurella multocida'' | ||
| + | *Usually secondary to viral infections such as [[Viral infections#Parainfluenza- 3|parainfluenza - 3]] or [[Viral infections#In Cattle|IBR]], bacterial infections such as ''Mycoplasma'' or environmental stress | ||
| + | *Enzootic pneumonia in sheep | ||
| + | *Septicaemia in young lambs | ||
| + | *Causes mastitis in sheep | ||
| + | *Beta-haemolytic on blood agar | ||
| + | *Grow weakly on MacConkey agar | ||
| + | *Odourless | ||
| + | *All are ''Mannheimia'' A biotypes (previously ''Pasterurella haemolytica'') | ||
| + | *Strains often produce a cytotoxin, known as leukotoxin, which kills leukocytes of ruminants | ||
| + | *Leukotoxin is a member of the RTX group toxins, and is probably largely responsible for the pathogenicity of the bacteria in septicaemia and pneumonia | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===''Mannheimia glucosida''=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Previously biotype A11 | ||
| + | *Respiratory condition of ruminants | ||
Revision as of 12:01, 17 December 2007
- Pasteurella multocida in Atrophic rhinitis of pigs and atrophic rhinitis
- Peritonitis in sheep
- Permeability types of pulmonary oedema.
- Can be secondary to IBR
- Causes 'Snuffles' in rabbits
- Pasteurellosis in pigs
- Can cause vascular fragility, leading to haemorrhagic disease.
- M. haemolytica and P. multocida may contribute to Enzootic pneumonia of calves
- Often follows parainfluenza - 3 infection of cattle
- P. haemolytica in enzootic pneumonia of lambs
- In pyothorax
- P. multocida in cellulitis in cats
Overview Pasteurella and Mannheimia
- Common commensals of the upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract mucosa of animals
- Usually opportunistic organisms, causing disease during times of stress, low resistance or concurrent infection
- Not part of the human bacterial flora
- Small Gram-negative bacilli or coccobacilli
- Facultative anaerobes
- Oxidase-positive
- May show bipolar staining with polychrome stains such as Wright's stain
- Capsules contain acidic polysaccharides
Pasteurella Properties
- Catarrhal odour
- Produce endotoxins which cause host damage and death
- Their capsules resist phagocytosis
Pasteurella multocida
- Large grey colonies on blood agar
- Not haemolytic
- Do not grow on MacConkey
- Five capsular serotypes, A,B,D,E and F
- Primary and secondary pathogen
- Responsible for secondary infections following primary viral and mycoplasmal infections, especially in the lungs, for example during pig enzootic pneumonia
- Typa A
- Commensal in upper respiratory tract of animals in UK
- Primary pathogen in avian cholera - a septicaemia in chickens and turkeys
- Secondary pathogen commomly repsonsible for dog and cat bite wound infections in humans and animals
- Feline pyothorax and other serositides
- Some strains involved in Atrophic rhinitis of pigs, and produce osteolytic toxin
- Involved in 'Snuffles' in rabbits, a mucopurulent rhinosinitis
- Type B
- Causes Haemorrhagic Septicaemia of cattle in Southern Europe and Asia
- Type D
- Primary and secondary pathogen
- Causes atrophic rhinitis along with Bordetella bronchiseptica in pigs
- Pasteurella multocida adhere to epithelium damaged by Bordetella bronchiseptica
- Produces an osteolytic toxin (Pmt), which stimulates osteoclasts, inducing bone resorption of the nasal turbinates
- Type E
- Causes African Bovine Haemorrhagic Septicaemia
Pasteurella pneumotropica
- Carried in nasopharynx of many small rodents
- Causes pneumonia in rodents as a secondary disease
Pasteurella trehalosi
- T biotypes - trehalose fermenters
- Pneumonia in ruminants
- Septicaemic pasteurellosis in feeder lambs
- Mastitis in sheep
Pasteurella canis
- Pneumonia in dogs
- Occasionally infects wounds
Pasteurella caballi
- Equine respiratory tract disease, usually in association with Streptococcus equi subspecies S. zooepidemicus
- Equine peritonitis
Pasteurella aerogenes
- Associated with gastroenteritis and abortion in swine
Mannheimia
Mannheimia haemolytica
- Cause of epizootic pneumonia in cattle known as Shipping Fever, Transit Fever or pneumonic pasteurellosis (90% caused by Biotype A, serotype 1 but also Pasteurella multocida
- Usually secondary to viral infections such as parainfluenza - 3 or IBR, bacterial infections such as Mycoplasma or environmental stress
- Enzootic pneumonia in sheep
- Septicaemia in young lambs
- Causes mastitis in sheep
- Beta-haemolytic on blood agar
- Grow weakly on MacConkey agar
- Odourless
- All are Mannheimia A biotypes (previously Pasterurella haemolytica)
- Strains often produce a cytotoxin, known as leukotoxin, which kills leukocytes of ruminants
- Leukotoxin is a member of the RTX group toxins, and is probably largely responsible for the pathogenicity of the bacteria in septicaemia and pneumonia
Mannheimia glucosida
- Previously biotype A11
- Respiratory condition of ruminants