Changes

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

Wry nose is a '''congenital deviation and shortening of the premaxillae, nasal bones and nasal septum in foals'''.

Wry nose is a '''congenital deviation and shortening of the premaxillae, nasal bones and nasal septum in foals'''. The deviation can be very mild to severe, and can result in severe nasal obstruction. There is usually malocclusion of the teeth but most foals can still nurse and are still bright and active.

 

The deviation can be very mild to severe, and can result in severe nasal obstruction.  

 

There is usually malocclusion of the teeth but most foals can still nurse and are still bright and active.

It is thought that '''foetal malpositioning''' is the cause of this condition. However '''Arabian foals''' seem to be more commonly affected which may point to a genetic component.

It is thought that '''foetal malpositioning''' is the cause of this condition. However '''Arabian foals''' seem to be more commonly affected which may point to a genetic component.

Wry-nosed foals can also have '''other deformities of the neck and limbs''', and a '''cleft palate''' may also be present.  

Wry-nosed foals can also have '''other deformities of the neck and limbs''', and a [[Cleft Palate|'''cleft palate''']] may also be present.  

==Clinical Signs==

==Clinical Signs==

The deviation can be mild to severe, '''up to 90°''' and may be accompanied by protrusion of one of the nasal bones.

The deviation can be mild to severe, '''up to 90°''' and may be accompanied by protrusion of one of the nasal bones.

There may be excessive arching of the nasal bones and hard palate.  

There may be excessive arching of the nasal bones and hard palate. There is '''incisor malocclusion''' and some of the mandibular incisors may be visible. The '''tongue may protrude''' and feed may be retained in the oral cavity.  

 

There is '''incisor malocclusion''' and some of the mandibular incisors may be visible.

 

The '''tongue may protrude''' and feed may be retained in the oral cavity.  

The foal may be '''unable to nurse''' due to the deviation, or it may have '''respiratory impairment''', even when it is resting.

The foal may be '''unable to nurse''' due to the deviation, or it may have '''respiratory impairment''', even when it is resting.

Severely affected foals require '''intensive nursing care''', and euthanasia may be necessary in some cases.  

Severely affected foals require '''intensive nursing care''', and euthanasia may be necessary in some cases.  

If the foal is unable to nurse, administration of colostrum through a '''nasogastric tube''' should be performed.

If the foal is unable to nurse, administration of colostrum through a '''nasogastric tube''' should be performed. The foal's immunoglobulin levels should be assessed to check for adequate colostrum consumption.

 

The foal's immunoglobulin levels should be assessed to check for adequate colostrum consumption.

'''Surgical correction''' is generally undertaken in at least 2 procedures and involves straightening the maxillae/premaxillae and nasal bones and removing the affected part of the nasal septum:

'''Surgical correction''' is generally undertaken in at least 2 procedures and involves straightening the maxillae/premaxillae and nasal bones and removing the affected part of the nasal septum:

[[Category:To Do - Helen]]

[[Category:To Do - Review]]

[[Category:Oral Diseases - Horse]]

 

[[Category:Expert Review - Horse]]

 

[[Category:Nasal_Cavity_-_Developmental_Pathology]][[Category:Respiratory_System_-_Developmental_Pathology]]

[[Category:Nasal_Cavity_-_Developmental_Pathology]][[Category:Respiratory_System_-_Developmental_Pathology]]

[[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Horse]]

[[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Horse]]