Changes

===Pathogenesis===

===Pathogenesis===

<p>General skin changes ('''endocrine alopecia''') seen with endocrine disease include:

<p>General skin changes ('''endocrine alopecia''') seen with endocrine disease include:

*Hypotrichosis.

*[[Hypotrichosis]].

*Alopecia; usually bilaterally symmetric and non-pruritic.

*[[Alopecia]]; usually bilaterally symmetric and non-pruritic.

*Remaining coat is dry and dull

*Remaining coat is dry and dull

*Pigment disturbance.

*Pigment disturbance.

<p>Histologically many of the follicles will be in telogen where the haircoat is easily epilated and then fails to regrow.  This is why alopecia occurs over areas of friction (trunk face etc) while the legs and tail are spared.  Follicular and epidermal atrophy may be evident along with atrophy of the adnexa E.g sebaceous atrophy.</p>

<p>Histologically many of the follicles will be in telogen where the haircoat is easily epilated and then fails to regrow.  This is why alopecia occurs over areas of friction (trunk face etc) while the legs and tail are spared.  Follicular and epidermal atrophy may be evident along with atrophy of the adnexa E.g sebaceous atrophy.</p>

*Often complicated by [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology|pyoderma]] or [[Skin Other - Pathology#Secondary seborrhea|secondary seborrhea]]

*Often complicated by [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology|pyoderma]] or [[Seborrhea|secondary seborrhea]]

===Specific changes associated with disease===

===Specific changes associated with disease===

*Retained puppy hair coat, endocrine alopecia, decreased dermal elastin and catagen follicles ('''Flame follicles''').

*Retained puppy hair coat, endocrine alopecia, decreased dermal elastin and catagen follicles ('''Flame follicles''').

===='''Excess GH (hypersomatotropism)'''====

===='''Excess GH ([[hypersomatotropism]])'''====

*Grossly: thick, folded skin on head, neck and extremities, possibly with hypertrichosis

*Grossly: thick, folded skin on head, neck and extremities, possibly with hypertrichosis

*Microscopically: epidermal hyperplasia, dermal fibrosis, mucinous degeneration of dermis

*Microscopically: epidermal hyperplasia, dermal fibrosis, mucinous degeneration of dermis

====[[Hyperoestrogenism|'''Hyperoestrogenism''']]====

====[[Hyperoestrogenism - Dog|'''Hyperoestrogenism''']]====

*Grossly: endocrine alopecia, enlarged vulva and abnormal oestrus cycle in females, gynecomastia, pendulous prepuce or enlarged prostate in males

*Grossly: endocrine alopecia, enlarged vulva and abnormal oestrus cycle in females, gynecomastia, pendulous prepuce or enlarged prostate in males

*Microscopically: telogen follicles, hyperkeratosis and acanthosis or epidermis and follicular infundibulum

*Microscopically: telogen follicles, hyperkeratosis and acanthosis or epidermis and follicular infundibulum

*Castration may temporarily remove symptoms  

*Castration may temporarily remove symptoms  

===='''Superficial Necrolytic Dermatopathy'''====

===='''[[Superficial Necrolytic Dermatopathy]]'''====

*Also known as ''diabetic dermatopathy, hepatocutaneous syndrome''

*Also known as ''diabetic dermatopathy, hepatocutaneous syndrome''

*Microscopically: trilaminar thickening of epidermis (outermost layer is keratotic, intermediate oedematous and vacuolated, inner is hyperplastic)

*Microscopically: trilaminar thickening of epidermis (outermost layer is keratotic, intermediate oedematous and vacuolated, inner is hyperplastic)

[[Category:Endocrine System - Pathology]]

[[Category:Endocrine System - Pathology|A]]

[[Category:Integumentary System - Pathology]]