Line 5: |
Line 5: |
| | | |
| The exact aetiology of the syndrome is '''unknown''', but proposed agents include '''parasites, carbon dust, heavy metals, electrical voltage, UV radiation, nutrient deficiencies in vitamin A or C'''. There may not be one particular inciting cause, and the syndrome may simply be a clinical response to various '''stressors'''. These may include overcrowding, poor water quality and poor nutrition. | | The exact aetiology of the syndrome is '''unknown''', but proposed agents include '''parasites, carbon dust, heavy metals, electrical voltage, UV radiation, nutrient deficiencies in vitamin A or C'''. There may not be one particular inciting cause, and the syndrome may simply be a clinical response to various '''stressors'''. These may include overcrowding, poor water quality and poor nutrition. |
| + | |
| In one study, a '''reovirus''' was isolated from a moribund angelfish with HLLE lesions. | | In one study, a '''reovirus''' was isolated from a moribund angelfish with HLLE lesions. |
| | | |
Line 32: |
Line 33: |
| A '''grounding device''' can be used to remove stray voltage from the system and changing the activated carbon in the filters may also be helpful. | | A '''grounding device''' can be used to remove stray voltage from the system and changing the activated carbon in the filters may also be helpful. |
| | | |
− | If this is unsuccessful, an infectious cause should be suspected and should be treated with the appropriate antibacterial or antifungal. | + | If this is unsuccessful, an infectious cause should be suspected and should be treated with the appropriate antibacterial or antifungal agent. |
| | | |
| '''0.01% becaplermin''' has been successfully used to treat HLLE in marine tropical fish by applying the product to the debrided skin lesions. | | '''0.01% becaplermin''' has been successfully used to treat HLLE in marine tropical fish by applying the product to the debrided skin lesions. |
Line 47: |
Line 48: |
| Noga, E. (2010) '''Fish Disease: diagnosis and treatment''' ''Wiley-Blackwell'' | | Noga, E. (2010) '''Fish Disease: diagnosis and treatment''' ''Wiley-Blackwell'' |
| | | |
− | [[Category:To Do - Helen]] | + | |
− | [[Category:To Do - Review]] | + | {{review}} |
| + | [[Category:Fish Diseases]] |
| + | [[Category:Expert Review - Exotics]] |