Changes

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

[[file:Shmallenberg virus in Germany 27.1.2012.svg|thumb|right|'''Schmallenberg virus''' distribution in Germany as of January 27, 2012]]

[[file:Shmallenberg virus in Germany 27.1.2012.svg|thumb|right|'''Schmallenberg virus''' distribution in Germany as of January 27, 2012]]

Schmallenberg Virus is a new emerging disease of livestock. It was named after the German town where it was first noticed. So far the virus has been detected in Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands and the UK. As it is new, there isn't much know yet but it is in the Simbu serogroup of the Orthobunyavirus group in [[:Category:Bunyaviridae|Bunyaviridae]] family.

Schmallenberg Virus is a new emerging disease of livestock. It was named after the German town where it was first noticed. So far the virus has been detected in Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy and the UK. As it is new, there isn't much know yet but it is in the Simbu serogroup of the Orthobunyavirus group in [[:Category:Bunyaviridae|Bunyaviridae]] family.

It seems to be similar to e.g. [[Akabane Virus|Akabane]] and Shamonda viruses. These are vector transmitted, such as by [[midges]], [[mosquitoes]] and [[ticks]]. At this point it is unclear whether there is a potential for direct contact transmission.

It seems to be similar to e.g. [[Akabane Virus|Akabane]] and Shamonda viruses. These are vector transmitted, such as by [[midges]], [[mosquitoes]] and [[ticks]]. At this point it is unclear whether there is a potential for direct contact transmission.

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

The disease has so far been identified in cattle, sheep and goats in Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands and UK.

The disease has so far been identified in cattle, sheep and goats in Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy and UK.

==Clinical Signs==

==Clinical Signs==

Adult cattle tend to show mild to moderate disease of short duration. Milk drop, diarrhoea and pyrexia may be noticed. Sheep do not seem to show similar signs.

Adult cattle tend to show mild to moderate disease of short duration. Milk drop, diarrhoea and pyrexia may be noticed. Adult sheep  seem to show less to no signs. On the other hand signs in adult sheep seemed to be missed more due to less intense supervision as in dairy cattle.  

There may be abortion in the later stages of pregnancy or defects in newborn calves, lambs or kids. These defects could be exhibited as brain, limb or spinal cord malformations or nervous system damage such as ataxia, blindness, inability to nurse or stand and occasional convulsions.

There may be abortion in the later stages of pregnancy or defects in newborn calves, lambs or kids. These defects could be exhibited as brain, limb or spinal cord malformations or nervous system damage such as ataxia, blindness, inability to nurse or stand and occasional convulsions. [[Arthrogryposis]] is an SBV associated deformation.

Due to some malformation of the newborns, the mother animal can suffer from extensive birthcanal damage.

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

Currently there are no treatments or vaccines available. Control measures for this disease are under investigation.

Currently there are no treatments or vaccines available. Control measures for this disease are under investigation.

==References==  

==References==