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===Immunoglobulins Structure and Function===
|backcolour = FFE4E1
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<FlashCard questions="8">
|linkpage =Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood
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|q1=What are immunoglobulins also known as?
|linktext =IMMUNOGLOBULINS
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|a1=Antibodies
|sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBlood
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|l1=Immunoglobulins#Introduction
|subtext1 =WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS
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|q2=How many domains does the heavy chain have?
|pagetype =Blood
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|a2=
}}
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*1 variable domain
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*3 or 4 constant domains
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|l2=Immunoglobulins#Structure
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|q3=How many domains does the light chain have?
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|a3=
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*1 variable domain
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*1 constant domain
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|l3=Immunoglobulins#Structure
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|q4=What are hypervariable domains?
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|a4=
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*Folded pockets of the variable domain into which antibody can bind
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*Different antibodies have different amino acid sequences within the three variable domains
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|l4=Immunoglobulins#Structure
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|q5=What does Fab stand for and from which chain is it generated?
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|a5=
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*Fragment associated with antigen binding
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*Light chain
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|l5=Immunoglobulins#Structure
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|q6=What does Fc stand for and from which chain is it generated?
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|a6=
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*Constant fragment
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*Heavy chain
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|l6=Immunoglobulins#Structure
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|q7=What does the Fc fragment do?
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|a7=Mediates phagocytosis
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*Triggers inflammation
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*Targets Ig to certain tissues
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|l7=Immunoglobulins#Structure
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|q8=What are the four major effects of antibodies?
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|a8=
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*Blockage and agglutination
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*Promotion of phagocytosis
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*Degranulation of mast cells/eosinophils
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*Complement Fixation
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|l8=Immunoglobulins#Function
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</FlashCard>
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===Classes of Immunoglobulin===
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<FlashCard questions="14">
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|q1=How do the five classes of immunoglobulins vary from each other?
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|a1=They each have a different composition to their heavy chains
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|l1=Immunoglobulins#Classes
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|q2=IgA is specially adapted for function at which type of surface?
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|a2=Mucosal surfaces
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|l2=Immunoglobulin A
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|q3=True or False: IgA is a monomer
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|a3=
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*False
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*IgA is a dimer
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|l3=Immunoglobulin A#Structure
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|q4=What are the functions of IgA?
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|a4=
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*Prevents agents from adhering to the epithelial surfaces as it binds to foreign antigen
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*Resists proteolytic digestion so can function in the gut
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*Does not activate the complement system so helps to preserve mucosal integrity
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|l4=Immunoglobulin A#Function
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|q5=In which species has IgD been identified?
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|a5=
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*Ruminants
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*Pigs
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*Dogs
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*Rodents
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|l5=Immunoglobulin D#Function
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|q6=What is the main function of IgD?
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|a6=Helps B cell development
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|l6=Immunoglobulin D#Function
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|q7=True or False: IgE is not a soluble antibody?
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|a7=True
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|l7=Immunoglobulin E
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|q8=What are the functions of IgE?
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|a8=
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*Triggers acute inflammation by causing degranulation
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*Involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions
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*Involved in producing immunity to parasitic worms and nematode parasites
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|l8=Immunoglobulin E#Function
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|q9=True or False: IgG is the smallest antibody and can easily leave the plasma and enter tissue?
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|a9=True
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|l9=Immunoglobulin G
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|q10=Where is IgG produced?
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|a10=Bone marrow
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*Spleen
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*Lymph nodes
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|l10=Immunoglobulin G#Production
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|q11=What is the function of IgG?
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|a11=Activates the classical pathway of the complement cascade
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*Can act as targets for macrophages, eosinophils and [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]]
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*Causes agglutination and opsonisation of bacteria
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|l11=Immunoglobulin G#Function
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|q12=True or False: IgM is a monomer
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|a12=
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*True
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*But it is secreted as a pentamer
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|l12=Immunoglobulin M#Structure
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|q13=IgM is five times larger than most other antibodies. What effect does this have on its function?
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|a13=
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*Cannot cross the placenta
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*Does not diffuse quickly or enter tissues readily
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*Its concentration in extracellular fluid and lymph is low
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|l13=Immunoglobulin M#Production
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|q14=What are the main functions of IgM?
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|a14=
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*Complement activation
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*Agglutination
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*Opsonisation
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*Virus neutralisation
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|l14=Immunoglobulin M#Function
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</FlashCard>
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===Immunoglobulins Variation===
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<FlashCard questions="6">
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|q1=Which genes code for the immunoglobulin subtypes and on which chain are they located?
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|a1=
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*IGH genes
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*Heavy chain
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|l1=Immunoglobulins#Variation
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|q2=Complete the sentences about IgG subtypes:
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<p>Humans and rodents have ??? IgG subtypes. Dogs have ??? IgG subtypes. Ruminats have ??? IgG subtypes.</p>
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|a2=
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*four
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*three
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*three or four
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|l2=Immunoglobulins#Variation
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|q3=What are allotypes?
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|a3=
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*Differences in immunoglobulins between individuals of a particular species
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*Allotypes are inheritable
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|l3=Immunoglobulins#Allo & Idiotypes
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|q4=What are idiotypes?
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|a4=Variations in the sequences of amino acids in the variable regions of the light and heavy chains
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|l4=Immunoglobulins#Allo & Idiotypes
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|q5=What is immunoglobulin heavy chain switching?
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|a5=
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*After antigenic exposure the IgM+ B-cells differentiate
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*Only after direct influence of T cells
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*Other classes of immunoglobluins are synthesised
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*The same varibale domains are kept
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|l5=Immunoglobulins#Immunoglobulin Class Switching
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|q6=How do different classes of antibody differ from each other?
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|a6=
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*Size
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*Charge
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*Amino acid composition
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*Associated carbohydrate
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*Function
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|l6=Immunoglobulins#Immunoglobulin Class Switching
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</FlashCard>
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==<font color="purple">Heading</font>==
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<br><br>
{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
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{{Jim Bee 2007}}
!width="400"|'''Question'''
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[[Category:Immunology Flashcards]]
!width="400"|'''Answer'''
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[[Category:Immunoglobulins]]
!width="150"|'''Article'''
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|-
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|<big>'''Question?'''
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||<font color="white"> <big>
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*'''''Answer'''''
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||[[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Introduction|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
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|}
 
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