Difference between revisions of "Hypersensitivity Flashcards"
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===Hypersensitivity=== | ===Hypersensitivity=== | ||
<FlashCard questions="3"> | <FlashCard questions="3"> | ||
| Line 13: | Line 6: | ||
*Leading to cell and tissue damage | *Leading to cell and tissue damage | ||
*It involves normal immune mechanisms directed towards harmless environmental antigens (ie. allergy) or directed at self antigens (ie. autoimmunity) | *It involves normal immune mechanisms directed towards harmless environmental antigens (ie. allergy) or directed at self antigens (ie. autoimmunity) | ||
| − | |l1=Hypersensitivity - | + | |l1=Hypersensitivity - Introduction |
|q2=Which two scientists proposed the mechanism for distinguishing between the different types of hypersensitivity reactions? | |q2=Which two scientists proposed the mechanism for distinguishing between the different types of hypersensitivity reactions? | ||
|a2=Gell and Coombs | |a2=Gell and Coombs | ||
| − | |l2=Hypersensitivity - | + | |l2=Hypersensitivity - Introduction |
|q3=Complete the following sentences | |q3=Complete the following sentences | ||
<p>Types I, II and III hypersensitivity are ??? reactions. Type IV hypersensitivity is a ??? reaction. </p> | <p>Types I, II and III hypersensitivity are ??? reactions. Type IV hypersensitivity is a ??? reaction. </p> | ||
| Line 22: | Line 15: | ||
*antibody mediated | *antibody mediated | ||
*cell mediated | *cell mediated | ||
| − | |l3=Hypersensitivity - | + | |l3=Hypersensitivity - Introduction#Classification |
</FlashCard> | </FlashCard> | ||
===Type I Hypersensitivity=== | ===Type I Hypersensitivity=== | ||
| Line 30: | Line 23: | ||
*Anaphylactic-mediated | *Anaphylactic-mediated | ||
*IgE-mediated | *IgE-mediated | ||
| − | |l1=Type I Hypersensitivity | + | |l1=Type I Hypersensitivity |
|q2=What is the name of antigens which cause type I hypersensitivity? | |q2=What is the name of antigens which cause type I hypersensitivity? | ||
|a2=Allergens | |a2=Allergens | ||
| − | |l2=Type I Hypersensitivity | + | |l2=Type I Hypersensitivity#Introduction |
|q3=Name some common allergens which cause a type I hypersensitivity reaction | |q3=Name some common allergens which cause a type I hypersensitivity reaction | ||
|a3= | |a3= | ||
| Line 41: | Line 34: | ||
*Proteins | *Proteins | ||
*Insect products | *Insect products | ||
| − | |l3=Type I Hypersensitivity | + | |l3=Type I Hypersensitivity#Common allergens which elict a type I hypersensitivity reaction: |
|q4=Mast cells are caused to degranulate releasing cytokines. What affects do these cytokines have on the infected area? | |q4=Mast cells are caused to degranulate releasing cytokines. What affects do these cytokines have on the infected area? | ||
|a4= | |a4= | ||
| Line 47: | Line 40: | ||
*Oedema | *Oedema | ||
*Mucous production | *Mucous production | ||
| − | *Chemoattractants cause the influx of [[Neutrophils | + | *Chemoattractants cause the influx of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], basophils, [[[[Monocytes|monocytes]]]] and plasma |
*Vasoactive and inflammatory peptides cause the contraction of smooth muscle fibres | *Vasoactive and inflammatory peptides cause the contraction of smooth muscle fibres | ||
| − | |l4=Type I Hypersensitivity | + | |l4=Type I Hypersensitivity#Mechanism |
|q5=Name some examples of type I hypsensitivity reactions | |q5=Name some examples of type I hypsensitivity reactions | ||
|a5= | |a5= | ||
| Line 55: | Line 48: | ||
*Atopy | *Atopy | ||
*Flea allergic dermatitis | *Flea allergic dermatitis | ||
| − | |l5=Type I Hypersensitivity | + | |l5=Type I Hypersensitivity#Examples of Type I hypersensitivity |
</FlashCard> | </FlashCard> | ||
===Type II Hypersensitivity=== | ===Type II Hypersensitivity=== | ||
| Line 62: | Line 55: | ||
|a1= | |a1= | ||
*IgG | *IgG | ||
| − | *IgM | + | *[[IgM]] |
*Fixed antigens | *Fixed antigens | ||
| − | |l1=Type II Hypersensitivity | + | |l1=Type II Hypersensitivity#Introduction |
|q2=What is the main mechanism of type II hypersensitivity reactions? | |q2=What is the main mechanism of type II hypersensitivity reactions? | ||
|a2=Neutralisation blockage of receptors | |a2=Neutralisation blockage of receptors | ||
| − | |l2=Type II Hypersensitivity | + | |l2=Type II Hypersensitivity#Mechanism |
|q3=Which immunological processes does the type II reaction use to destroy target cells? Give examples for each process? | |q3=Which immunological processes does the type II reaction use to destroy target cells? Give examples for each process? | ||
|a3= | |a3= | ||
| Line 79: | Line 72: | ||
**Feline infectious anaemia | **Feline infectious anaemia | ||
*Phagocytosis | *Phagocytosis | ||
| − | |l3=Type II Hypersensitivity | + | |l3=Type II Hypersensitivity#Introduction |
</FlashCard> | </FlashCard> | ||
===Type III Hypersensitivity=== | ===Type III Hypersensitivity=== | ||
| Line 87: | Line 80: | ||
*IgG | *IgG | ||
*Soluble antigens | *Soluble antigens | ||
| − | |l1=Type III Hypersensitivity | + | |l1=Type III Hypersensitivity#Introduction |
|q2=What does inhaling antigen locally lead to? | |q2=What does inhaling antigen locally lead to? | ||
|a2=Hypersensitivity pneumonitis | |a2=Hypersensitivity pneumonitis | ||
| − | |l2=Type III Hypersensitivity | + | |l2=Type III Hypersensitivity#Location of the immune complexes: |
|q3=What other conditions can be caused by a local type III hypersensitivity response? | |q3=What other conditions can be caused by a local type III hypersensitivity response? | ||
|a3= | |a3= | ||
| Line 97: | Line 90: | ||
*Vasculitis | *Vasculitis | ||
*Acute inflammation | *Acute inflammation | ||
| − | |l3=Type III Hypersensitivity | + | |l3=Type III Hypersensitivity#Location of the immune complexes: |
|q4=What general effects does increased levels of systemic antigen have? | |q4=What general effects does increased levels of systemic antigen have? | ||
|a4= | |a4= | ||
| Line 105: | Line 98: | ||
*Neutropaenia | *Neutropaenia | ||
*Proteinurea | *Proteinurea | ||
| − | |l4=Type III Hypersensitivity | + | |l4=Type III Hypersensitivity#Location of the immune complexes: |
|q5=Give an example of a type III hypersensitivity reaction where the antigen is a self antigen | |q5=Give an example of a type III hypersensitivity reaction where the antigen is a self antigen | ||
|a5=Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) | |a5=Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) | ||
| − | |l5=Type III Hypersensitivity | + | |l5=Type III Hypersensitivity#Location of the immune complexes: |
</FlashCard> | </FlashCard> | ||
===Type IV Hypersensitivity=== | ===Type IV Hypersensitivity=== | ||
| Line 114: | Line 107: | ||
|q1=What is type IV hypersensitivity also known as? | |q1=What is type IV hypersensitivity also known as? | ||
|a1=Delayed-type hypersensitivity | |a1=Delayed-type hypersensitivity | ||
| − | |l1=Type IV Hypersensitivity | + | |l1=Type IV Hypersensitivity#Introduction |
|q2=What effects do a CD4+ helper cell hypersensitivity response have? | |q2=What effects do a CD4+ helper cell hypersensitivity response have? | ||
|a2= | |a2= | ||
*Abnormal macrophage activation | *Abnormal macrophage activation | ||
*Macrophage production of inflammatory mediators and MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) | *Macrophage production of inflammatory mediators and MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) | ||
| − | |l2=Type IV Hypersensitivity | + | |l2=Type IV Hypersensitivity#Introduction |
|q3=What effect does a CD8+ cytotoxic hypersensitivity response have? | |q3=What effect does a CD8+ cytotoxic hypersensitivity response have? | ||
|a3=Destruction of normal cells | |a3=Destruction of normal cells | ||
| − | |l3=Type IV Hypersensitivity | + | |l3=Type IV Hypersensitivity#Introduction |
|q4=What are the two types of type IV hypersensitivity reactions? | |q4=What are the two types of type IV hypersensitivity reactions? | ||
|a4= | |a4= | ||
*Contact | *Contact | ||
*Granulomatous | *Granulomatous | ||
| − | |l4=Type IV Hypersensitivity | + | |l4=Type IV Hypersensitivity#2 types: |
|q5=What are the main cells involved in contact dermatitis? | |q5=What are the main cells involved in contact dermatitis? | ||
|a5=Mononuclear cells | |a5=Mononuclear cells | ||
| − | |l5=Type IV Hypersensitivity | + | |l5=Type IV Hypersensitivity#1. Contact |
|q6=Give two examples of infections causing a granulomatous response | |q6=Give two examples of infections causing a granulomatous response | ||
|a6= | |a6= | ||
*Mycobacterium tubercle | *Mycobacterium tubercle | ||
*Schistosome eggs | *Schistosome eggs | ||
| − | |l6=Type IV Hypersensitivity | + | |l6=Type IV Hypersensitivity#2. Granulomatous |
|q7=What is the tuberculin test? | |q7=What is the tuberculin test? | ||
|a7= | |a7= | ||
*Used for testing TB in cattle | *Used for testing TB in cattle | ||
*Injection of intradermal antigen into the skin | *Injection of intradermal antigen into the skin | ||
| − | *A skin reaction (infiltration of lymphocytes and [[[[Monocytes | + | *A skin reaction (infiltration of lymphocytes and [[[[Monocytes|monocytes]]]]) peaking at 48-72 hours indicates prior exposure to the antigen or ongoing infection |
| − | |l7=Type IV Hypersensitivity | + | |l7=Type IV Hypersensitivity#2. Granulomatous |
</FlashCard> | </FlashCard> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <br><br> | ||
| + | {{Jim Bee 2007}} | ||
| + | [[Category:Immunology Flashcards]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Hypersensitivity|Z]] | ||
Latest revision as of 17:15, 17 March 2012
Hypersensitivity
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| What is hypersensitivity? |
|
Link to Article | |
| Which two scientists proposed the mechanism for distinguishing between the different types of hypersensitivity reactions? | Gell and Coombs
|
Link to Article | |
| Complete the following sentences
Types I, II and III hypersensitivity are ??? reactions. Type IV hypersensitivity is a ??? reaction. |
|
Link to Article | |
Type I Hypersensitivity
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| What is type I hypersensitivity also known as? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What is the name of antigens which cause type I hypersensitivity? | Allergens
|
Link to Article | |
| Name some common allergens which cause a type I hypersensitivity reaction |
|
Link to Article | |
| Mast cells are caused to degranulate releasing cytokines. What affects do these cytokines have on the infected area? |
|
Link to Article | |
| Name some examples of type I hypsensitivity reactions |
|
Link to Article | |
Type II Hypersensitivity
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| What types of immunoglobulin are produced in type II hypersensitivity reactions and are they produced against soluble or fixed antigens? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What is the main mechanism of type II hypersensitivity reactions? | Neutralisation blockage of receptors
|
Link to Article | |
| Which immunological processes does the type II reaction use to destroy target cells? Give examples for each process? |
|
Link to Article | |
Type III Hypersensitivity
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| Which immunoglobulin is produced in type III hypersensitivity and is it produced against soluble or fixed antigens? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What does inhaling antigen locally lead to? | Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
|
Link to Article | |
| What other conditions can be caused by a local type III hypersensitivity response? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What general effects does increased levels of systemic antigen have? |
|
Link to Article | |
| Give an example of a type III hypersensitivity reaction where the antigen is a self antigen | Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE)
|
Link to Article | |
Type IV Hypersensitivity
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| What is type IV hypersensitivity also known as? | Delayed-type hypersensitivity
|
Link to Article | |
| What effects do a CD4+ helper cell hypersensitivity response have? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What effect does a CD8+ cytotoxic hypersensitivity response have? | Destruction of normal cells
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the two types of type IV hypersensitivity reactions? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the main cells involved in contact dermatitis? | Mononuclear cells
|
Link to Article | |
| Give two examples of infections causing a granulomatous response |
|
Link to Article | |
| What is the tuberculin test? |
|
Link to Article | |
|
Originally funded by the RVC Jim Bee Award 2007 |