Feline Infectious Anaemia: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| (12 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Summary | {{Summary | ||
|cause = ''Mycoplasma haemofelis'' | |cause = ''Mycoplasma haemofelis'' | ||
|signalment = | |signalment = male cats | ||
|differentials = other causes of anaemia | |||
|differentials = | |diagnosis = PCR | ||
|diagnosis = PCR | |treatment: Doxycycline | ||
|treatment | |||
}} | }} | ||
Also known as: '''''FIA — Haemoplasmosis — Hemoplasmosis'''''; previously known as: ''Haemobartonellosis'' | Also known as: '''''FIA — Haemoplasmosis — Hemoplasmosis'''''; previously known as: ''Haemobartonellosis'' | ||
| Line 20: | Line 18: | ||
Mhf can vary in shape from cocci to rods and is sometimes present as chains of organisms on the surface of [[Erythrocyte|erythrocytes]]. | Mhf can vary in shape from cocci to rods and is sometimes present as chains of organisms on the surface of [[Erythrocyte|erythrocytes]]. | ||
==Transmission== | ==Transmission== | ||
| Line 42: | Line 38: | ||
It is thought that recovered cats can become subclinical carriers, with the potential for the disease to recrudesce if the animal is in a stressed state eg pregnancy, illness.<ref name = "Harvey">Harvey JW and Gaskin JM (1978)Feline haemobartonellosis;attempts to induce relapses of clinical disease in chronically infected cats.'''J Am Anim Hosp Assoc'''14:453</ref> | It is thought that recovered cats can become subclinical carriers, with the potential for the disease to recrudesce if the animal is in a stressed state eg pregnancy, illness.<ref name = "Harvey">Harvey JW and Gaskin JM (1978)Feline haemobartonellosis;attempts to induce relapses of clinical disease in chronically infected cats.'''J Am Anim Hosp Assoc'''14:453</ref> | ||
==Clinical signs== | ==Clinical signs== | ||
Infected cats most commonly present for lethargy and decreased appetite. Physical examination findings are non-specific and can include signs of anaemia, such as mucous membrane pallor, tachypnoea and tachycardia, pyrexia, and occasionally | Infected cats most commonly present for lethargy and decreased appetite. Physical examination findings are non-specific and can include signs of anaemia, such as mucous membrane pallor, tachypnoea and tachycardia, pyrexia, and occasionally splenomagaly and [[Icterus|jaundice]]. Pyrexia is frequently intermittent and spikes when parasite numbers are highest <ref name="Wardrop"></ref>. The anaemia can be severe and rapidly fatal in some cases. | ||
==Differential diagnosis== | ==Differential diagnosis== | ||
| Line 69: | Line 63: | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
The most commmon findings from complete blood counts from cats with Mhf infections are a ''' | The most commmon findings from complete blood counts from cats with Mhf infections are a '''marcocytic, hypochromic regenerative anaemia'''. [[Reticulocyte|Reticulocytes]] and [[Howell-Jolly Bodies|Howell-Jolly bodies]] may be identified on cytologic examination. | ||
Mhf infection can be definitively diagnosed by identification of organisms on a blood smear, appearing as cocci or rods and sometimes forming short chains of organisms. However, examination of a single blood smear is less than 50% sensitive <ref name="Hagiwara"> Hagiwara, MK (2009) Anemia in Cats: Is It Mycoplasma? '''Proceedings of the 34th World Small Animal Veterinary Congress'''</ref> as the animal's immune response causes organisms to disappear from the blood stream for several days, often to reappear a few days later. One study found that smears should be examined every four days over a minimum of three four day cycles<ref name="Ettinger>Ettinger, S.J, Feldman, E.C. (2005) Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine (6th edition, volume 2) W.B. Saunders Company</ref>, making it possible to have eight days between presentation and diagnosis. It also has the potential for misidentification of organisms. | Mhf infection can be definitively diagnosed by identification of organisms on a blood smear, appearing as cocci or rods and sometimes forming short chains of organisms. However, examination of a single blood smear is less than 50% sensitive <ref name="Hagiwara"> Hagiwara, MK (2009) Anemia in Cats: Is It Mycoplasma? '''Proceedings of the 34th World Small Animal Veterinary Congress'''</ref> as the animal's immune response causes organisms to disappear from the blood stream for several days, often to reappear a few days later. One study found that smears should be examined every four days over a minimum of three four day cycles<ref name="Ettinger>Ettinger, S.J, Feldman, E.C. (2005) Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine (6th edition, volume 2)W.B. Saunders Company</ref>, making it possible to have eight days between presentation and diagnosis. It also has the potential for misidentification of organisms. | ||
| Line 99: | Line 93: | ||
[http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2007/20073119573.pdf ''' Bartonellosis and hemoplasmosis in dogs and cats: emerging issues.''' Lappin, M. R.; The North American Veterinary Conference, Gainesville, USA, Small animal and exotics. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Volume 21, Orlando, Florida, USA, 2007, 2007, pp 629-631] | [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2007/20073119573.pdf ''' Bartonellosis and hemoplasmosis in dogs and cats: emerging issues.''' Lappin, M. R.; The North American Veterinary Conference, Gainesville, USA, Small animal and exotics. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Volume 21, Orlando, Florida, USA, 2007, 2007, pp 629-631] | ||
}} | }} | ||
| Line 108: | Line 101: | ||
{{ | {{review}} | ||
[[Category:Anaemia]] | |||
[[Category:Anaemia | |||
[[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic Diseases - Cat]][[Category:Cat Bacteria]] | [[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic Diseases - Cat]][[Category:Cat Bacteria]] | ||
[[Category:Expert_Review - Small Animal]] | [[Category:Expert_Review - Small Animal]] | ||