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→Innate Immunity to Bacteria
===Actions and Tools of the Innate Immune System===
|backcolour = f5fffa
<FlashCard questions="14">
|linkpage =Innate Immune System - WikiBlood
|q1=True or False: The innate immune system responds quicker to infection than the adaptive immune system
|linktext =INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
|a1=True
|sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBlood
|l1=Innate Immune System - Introduction
|subtext1 =WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS
|q2=Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are expressed by which type of cells?
|pagetype =Blood
|a2=
*Lipopolysaccharides or Gram Negative bacteria
*Peptidoglycans of gram-positive bacteria
*Mannose sugars
*D-isoform amino acids
|l2=Recognition of Microorganisms
|q3=What recognises PAMPs?
|a3=Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)
|l3=Recognition of Microorganisms
|q4=Where in the cell are Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) located?
|a4=Cell membrane
|l4=Recognition of Microorganisms
|q5=Where in the cell are NOD2 receptors located?
|a5=Cell cytoplasm
|l5=Recognition of Microorganisms
|q6=Which catabolic enzymes digest microbes after phagocytosis?
|a6=
*Glycosidases
*Lipases
*Proteases
|l6=Phagocytosis
|q7=True or False: Lysosomes do not use energy when they kill microbes
|a7=
*False
*Lysosomes fuse with phagosomes, killing microbes in an energy-dependent way
|l7=Phagocytosis
|q8=Name two physical barriers of the innate immune system
|a8=
*Skin
*Mucous membranes
|l8=Innate Immunity Barriers
|q9=Name 3 biochemical barriers of the innate immune system
|a9=
*Lactic and fatty acids
*Enzymes
*Mucous
|l9=Innate Immunity Barriers
|q10=What is the function of commensal organisms?
|a10=
*Produce natural antibiotics
*Outcompete pathogens at epithelial and mucosal surfaces
|l10=Innate Immunity Barriers
|q11=Complete the sentence about commensal organisms:
<p>When commensals are disturbed, infection with ??? organisms is ???</p>
|a11=
*opportunistic
*increased
|l11=Innate Immunity Barriers
|q12=Name the three main humoral factors and their principal action
|a12=
*Lysozyme
**Digests bacterial cell walls
*Complement
**Promotes phagocytosis or lysis of invading organisms
*Interferons
**Make uninfected cells resistant to infection and enhances expression of MHC molecules
|l12=Humoral Factors of Innate Immune System
|q13=Which granulocytes are components of the innate immune response to infection?
|a13=
*Neutrophils
*Eosinophils
*Basophils/mast cells
|l13=Innate Immunity Cellular Responses
|q14=Which other cells are components of the innate immune response to infection?
|a14=Monocytes
*Tissue mast cells
*Macrophages
|l14=Innate Immunity Cellular Responses
</FlashCard>
===Innate Immunity to Viruses===
<FlashCard questions="4">
|q1=What is the main element of a viral attack which the innate immune system can recognise?
|a1=Double stranded RNA (dsRNA)
|l1=Innate Immunity to Viruses
|q2=Where are TLR3's located in the cell and what do they recognise?
|a2=
*Cell surface
*Double stranded RNA (dsRNA)
|l2=Innate Immunity to Viruses
|q3=What are the funtions of Type I Interferon production in response to a viral attack?
|a3=
*Increases mRNA degredation
*Inhibits protein synthesis
*Increases antigen presentation to antibody
|l3=Innate Immunity to Viruses
|q4=Which cells are produced as the final line of response to viral attack and which cells do they target?
|a4=
*Natural Killer cells (NK cells)
*Targets cells with decreased levels of MHC on their surface
|l4=Innate Immunity to Viruses
</FlashCard>
===Innate Immunity to Bacteria===
<FlashCard questions="2">
|q1=What effects does the release of inflammatory cytokines have on the infected area?
|a1=
*White blood cell influx
*Vasodilation
*Increase in vascular permeability
*Sustains a rise in core temperature
*Mediates the release of acute phase proteins from the liver
*Mediates bone marrow mobilisation
|l1=Innate Immunity to Bacteria
|q2=Which cell is the most important effector cell in the innate response to bacterial infection?
|a2=Neutrophils
|l2=Innate Immunity to Bacteria
</FlashCard>
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{{Jim Bee 2007}}
[[Category:Immunology Flashcards]]
[[Category:Innate Immune System|Z]]