Line 3: |
Line 3: |
| |q1=True or False: The innate immune system responds quicker to infection than the adaptive immune system | | |q1=True or False: The innate immune system responds quicker to infection than the adaptive immune system |
| |a1=True | | |a1=True |
− | |l1=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Introduction | + | |l1=Innate Immune System - Introduction |
| |q2=Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are expressed by which type of cells? | | |q2=Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) are expressed by which type of cells? |
| |a2= | | |a2= |
Line 10: |
Line 10: |
| *Mannose sugars | | *Mannose sugars |
| *D-isoform amino acids | | *D-isoform amino acids |
− | |l2=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Recognition of Microorganisms | + | |l2=Recognition of Microorganisms |
| |q3=What recognises PAMPs? | | |q3=What recognises PAMPs? |
| |a3=Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) | | |a3=Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) |
− | |l3=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Recognition of Microorganisms | + | |l3=Recognition of Microorganisms |
| |q4=Where in the cell are Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) located? | | |q4=Where in the cell are Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) located? |
| |a4=Cell membrane | | |a4=Cell membrane |
− | |l4=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Recognition of Microorganisms | + | |l4=Recognition of Microorganisms |
| |q5=Where in the cell are NOD2 receptors located? | | |q5=Where in the cell are NOD2 receptors located? |
| |a5=Cell cytoplasm | | |a5=Cell cytoplasm |
− | |l5=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Recognition of Microorganisms | + | |l5=Recognition of Microorganisms |
| |q6=Which catabolic enzymes digest microbes after phagocytosis? | | |q6=Which catabolic enzymes digest microbes after phagocytosis? |
| |a6= | | |a6= |
Line 25: |
Line 25: |
| *Lipases | | *Lipases |
| *Proteases | | *Proteases |
− | |l6=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Phagocytosis | + | |l6=Phagocytosis |
| |q7=True or False: Lysosomes do not use energy when they kill microbes | | |q7=True or False: Lysosomes do not use energy when they kill microbes |
| |a7= | | |a7= |
| *False | | *False |
| *Lysosomes fuse with phagosomes, killing microbes in an energy-dependent way | | *Lysosomes fuse with phagosomes, killing microbes in an energy-dependent way |
− | |l7=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Phagocytosis | + | |l7=Phagocytosis |
| |q8=Name two physical barriers of the innate immune system | | |q8=Name two physical barriers of the innate immune system |
| |a8= | | |a8= |
| *Skin | | *Skin |
| *Mucous membranes | | *Mucous membranes |
− | |l8=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Pysical Barriers | + | |l8=Innate Immunity Barriers |
| |q9=Name 3 biochemical barriers of the innate immune system | | |q9=Name 3 biochemical barriers of the innate immune system |
| |a9= | | |a9= |
Line 41: |
Line 41: |
| *Enzymes | | *Enzymes |
| *Mucous | | *Mucous |
− | |l9=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Biochemical Barriers | + | |l9=Innate Immunity Barriers |
| |q10=What is the function of commensal organisms? | | |q10=What is the function of commensal organisms? |
| |a10= | | |a10= |
| *Produce natural antibiotics | | *Produce natural antibiotics |
| *Outcompete pathogens at epithelial and mucosal surfaces | | *Outcompete pathogens at epithelial and mucosal surfaces |
− | |l10=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Commensal Organisms | + | |l10=Innate Immunity Barriers |
| |q11=Complete the sentence about commensal organisms: | | |q11=Complete the sentence about commensal organisms: |
| <p>When commensals are disturbed, infection with ??? organisms is ???</p> | | <p>When commensals are disturbed, infection with ??? organisms is ???</p> |
Line 52: |
Line 52: |
| *opportunistic | | *opportunistic |
| *increased | | *increased |
− | |l11=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Commensal Organisms | + | |l11=Innate Immunity Barriers |
| |q12=Name the three main humoral factors and their principal action | | |q12=Name the three main humoral factors and their principal action |
| |a12= | | |a12= |
Line 60: |
Line 60: |
| **Promotes phagocytosis or lysis of invading organisms | | **Promotes phagocytosis or lysis of invading organisms |
| *Interferons | | *Interferons |
− | **=Make uninfected cells resistant to infection | + | **Make uninfected cells resistant to infection and enhances expression of MHC molecules |
− | |l12=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Humoral Factors | + | |l12=Humoral Factors of Innate Immune System |
| |q13=Which granulocytes are components of the innate immune response to infection? | | |q13=Which granulocytes are components of the innate immune response to infection? |
| |a13= | | |a13= |
Line 67: |
Line 67: |
| *Eosinophils | | *Eosinophils |
| *Basophils/mast cells | | *Basophils/mast cells |
− | |l13=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Cellular responses | + | |l13=Innate Immunity Cellular Responses |
| |q14=Which other cells are components of the innate immune response to infection? | | |q14=Which other cells are components of the innate immune response to infection? |
| |a14=Monocytes | | |a14=Monocytes |
| *Tissue mast cells | | *Tissue mast cells |
| *Macrophages | | *Macrophages |
− | |l14=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Cellular responses | + | |l14=Innate Immunity Cellular Responses |
| </FlashCard> | | </FlashCard> |
| ===Innate Immunity to Viruses=== | | ===Innate Immunity to Viruses=== |
Line 78: |
Line 78: |
| |q1=What is the main element of a viral attack which the innate immune system can recognise? | | |q1=What is the main element of a viral attack which the innate immune system can recognise? |
| |a1=Double stranded RNA (dsRNA) | | |a1=Double stranded RNA (dsRNA) |
− | |l1=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Viruses | + | |l1=Innate Immunity to Viruses |
| |q2=Where are TLR3's located in the cell and what do they recognise? | | |q2=Where are TLR3's located in the cell and what do they recognise? |
| |a2= | | |a2= |
| *Cell surface | | *Cell surface |
| *Double stranded RNA (dsRNA) | | *Double stranded RNA (dsRNA) |
− | |l2=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Viruses | + | |l2=Innate Immunity to Viruses |
| |q3=What are the funtions of Type I Interferon production in response to a viral attack? | | |q3=What are the funtions of Type I Interferon production in response to a viral attack? |
| |a3= | | |a3= |
Line 89: |
Line 89: |
| *Inhibits protein synthesis | | *Inhibits protein synthesis |
| *Increases antigen presentation to antibody | | *Increases antigen presentation to antibody |
− | |l3=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Viruses | + | |l3=Innate Immunity to Viruses |
| |q4=Which cells are produced as the final line of response to viral attack and which cells do they target? | | |q4=Which cells are produced as the final line of response to viral attack and which cells do they target? |
| |a4= | | |a4= |
| *Natural Killer cells (NK cells) | | *Natural Killer cells (NK cells) |
| *Targets cells with decreased levels of MHC on their surface | | *Targets cells with decreased levels of MHC on their surface |
− | |l4=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Viruses | + | |l4=Innate Immunity to Viruses |
| </FlashCard> | | </FlashCard> |
| ===Innate Immunity to Bacteria=== | | ===Innate Immunity to Bacteria=== |
| <FlashCard questions="2"> | | <FlashCard questions="2"> |
| |q1=What effects does the release of inflammatory cytokines have on the infected area? | | |q1=What effects does the release of inflammatory cytokines have on the infected area? |
− | |a1 | + | |a1= |
− | *=White blood cell influx | + | *White blood cell influx |
| *Vasodilation | | *Vasodilation |
| *Increase in vascular permeability | | *Increase in vascular permeability |
| *Sustains a rise in core temperature | | *Sustains a rise in core temperature |
| *Mediates the release of acute phase proteins from the liver | | *Mediates the release of acute phase proteins from the liver |
− | *Mediates boone marrow mobilisation | + | *Mediates bone marrow mobilisation |
− | |l1=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Bacteria | + | |l1=Innate Immunity to Bacteria |
− | |q2=Which cell is most important in the innate response to bacterial infection? | + | |q2=Which cell is the most important effector cell in the innate response to bacterial infection? |
| |a2=Neutrophils | | |a2=Neutrophils |
− | |l2=Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Innate Immunity to Bacteria | + | |l2=Innate Immunity to Bacteria |
| </FlashCard> | | </FlashCard> |
| | | |
− | | + | <br><br> |
− | [[Category:Flash Cards - WikiBlood]] | + | {{Jim Bee 2007}} |
| + | [[Category:Immunology Flashcards]] |
| + | [[Category:Innate Immune System|Z]] |