Difference between revisions of "Host Invasion by Microorganisms Flashcards"
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===Host invasion=== | ===Host invasion=== | ||
<FlashCard questions="1"> | <FlashCard questions="1"> | ||
| Line 13: | Line 6: | ||
*Aerosol | *Aerosol | ||
*Orofecal | *Orofecal | ||
| − | |l1=Host invasion by microorganisms | + | |l1=Host invasion by microorganisms |
</FlashCard> | </FlashCard> | ||
===Viruses=== | ===Viruses=== | ||
| Line 19: | Line 12: | ||
|q1=Naked viruses contain only...? | |q1=Naked viruses contain only...? | ||
|a1=RNA/DNA and protein coat | |a1=RNA/DNA and protein coat | ||
| − | |l1= | + | |l1=Viral Structure |
|q2=Name three functions of viral structural proteins | |q2=Name three functions of viral structural proteins | ||
|a2= | |a2= | ||
| Line 25: | Line 18: | ||
*Attachment to host cell | *Attachment to host cell | ||
*Fusion of envelope to host cell membrane | *Fusion of envelope to host cell membrane | ||
| − | |l2= | + | |l2=Viral Structure |
| − | |q3=Name the two main innate | + | |q3=Name the two main innate defenses against viral infection |
|a3= | |a3= | ||
*Interferon | *Interferon | ||
*Natural killer cells | *Natural killer cells | ||
| − | |l3= | + | |l3=Immune Responses to Viral Infections |
|q4=Upon viral infection, which antibody isotype is increased at mucosal surfaces? | |q4=Upon viral infection, which antibody isotype is increased at mucosal surfaces? | ||
| − | |a4=IgA | + | |a4=[[IgA]] |
| − | |l4= | + | |l4=Immune Responses to Viral Infections |
|q5=What do antibodies stop free virus particles from doing? | |q5=What do antibodies stop free virus particles from doing? | ||
|a5=Binding to host cell, entering and uncoating | |a5=Binding to host cell, entering and uncoating | ||
| − | |l5= | + | |l5=Immune Responses to Viral Infections |
|q6=By what mechanism is complement able to damage the virion envelope? | |q6=By what mechanism is complement able to damage the virion envelope? | ||
|a6=Virolysis | |a6=Virolysis | ||
| − | |l6= | + | |l6=Immune Responses to Viral Infections |
|q7=When coupled with antibodies, what mechanisms does complement aid in immune defence? | |q7=When coupled with antibodies, what mechanisms does complement aid in immune defence? | ||
|a7= | |a7= | ||
| Line 45: | Line 38: | ||
*Lysis of infected cells | *Lysis of infected cells | ||
*Opsonisation of free particles or infected cells | *Opsonisation of free particles or infected cells | ||
| − | |l7= | + | |l7=Immune Responses to Viral Infections |
| − | |q8=What are the main cytokines CD4+ T cells release to recruit macrophages? | + | |q8=What are the main cytokines CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells release to recruit macrophages? |
|a8= | |a8= | ||
*IFN-γ | *IFN-γ | ||
*TNF | *TNF | ||
| − | |l8= | + | |l8=Immune Responses to Viral Infections |
</FlashCard> | </FlashCard> | ||
| + | |||
===Bacteria=== | ===Bacteria=== | ||
<FlashCard questions="8"> | <FlashCard questions="8"> | ||
| Line 59: | Line 53: | ||
*Most of the DNA is transcibed | *Most of the DNA is transcibed | ||
*No intervening sequences within structural genes | *No intervening sequences within structural genes | ||
| − | |l1= | + | |l1=Bacterial Structure |
|q2=These surface components allow bacteria to move around | |q2=These surface components allow bacteria to move around | ||
|a2=Flagella | |a2=Flagella | ||
| − | |l2=Bacteria | + | |l2=Bacteria Structure |
|q2=Bacteria with an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide are classed as... | |q2=Bacteria with an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide are classed as... | ||
|a2=Gram-negative | |a2=Gram-negative | ||
| − | |l2= | + | |l2=Bacterial Structure |
|q3=Bacteria with a round shape are classed as... | |q3=Bacteria with a round shape are classed as... | ||
|a3=Cocci | |a3=Cocci | ||
| − | |l3= | + | |l3=Bacterial Structure |
|q4=Bacteria with a long shape are classed as... | |q4=Bacteria with a long shape are classed as... | ||
|a4=Rods or bacilli | |a4=Rods or bacilli | ||
| − | |l4= | + | |l4=Bacterial Structure |
|q5=What are the four rules summarising the cause and effect relationship between bacteria and infection? | |q5=What are the four rules summarising the cause and effect relationship between bacteria and infection? | ||
|a5=Koch's postulates | |a5=Koch's postulates | ||
| − | |l5= | + | |l5=Bacterial Pathogenesis |
|q6=What is the condition, characterised by excessive cytokine production, that is caused by bacterial components such as LPS? | |q6=What is the condition, characterised by excessive cytokine production, that is caused by bacterial components such as LPS? | ||
|a6=Endotoxin shock | |a6=Endotoxin shock | ||
| − | |l6= | + | |l6=Bacterial Pathogenesis |
|q7=By what mechanism do most bacteria replicate? | |q7=By what mechanism do most bacteria replicate? | ||
|a7=Binary fission | |a7=Binary fission | ||
| − | |l7= | + | |l7=Bacterial Replication |
|q8=By what three mechanisms can bacteria transfer DNA? | |q8=By what three mechanisms can bacteria transfer DNA? | ||
|a8= | |a8= | ||
| Line 86: | Line 80: | ||
*Transduction | *Transduction | ||
*Conjugation | *Conjugation | ||
| − | |l8= | + | |l8=Bacterial Replication |
</FlashCard> | </FlashCard> | ||
===Parasites=== | ===Parasites=== | ||
| Line 92: | Line 86: | ||
|q1=Do protozoa have a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell structure | |q1=Do protozoa have a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell structure | ||
|a1=Eukaryotic | |a1=Eukaryotic | ||
| − | |l1= | + | |l1=:Category:Protozoa |
|q2=What are the two main groups of helminth parasite? | |q2=What are the two main groups of helminth parasite? | ||
|a2= | |a2= | ||
*Nematodes | *Nematodes | ||
*Platyhelminthes | *Platyhelminthes | ||
| − | |l2= | + | |l2=:Category:Helminths |
|q3=What is the main cell type that mediates the destruction of larger parasites? | |q3=What is the main cell type that mediates the destruction of larger parasites? | ||
|a3=Eosinophils | |a3=Eosinophils | ||
| − | |l3=Parasites | + | |l3=Immunity to Parasites |
|q4=What T cell subtype is required to fight intracellular protozoa | |q4=What T cell subtype is required to fight intracellular protozoa | ||
| − | |a4= | + | |a4=T<sub>H</sub>1 |
| − | |l4=Parasites | + | |l4=Immunity to Parasites |
|q5=What T cell subtype is required to fight intestinal worms? | |q5=What T cell subtype is required to fight intestinal worms? | ||
| − | |a5= | + | |a5=T<sub>H</sub>2 |
| − | |l5=Parasites | + | |l5=Immunity to Parasites |
|q6=How do antibodies defend against parasitic infection? | |q6=How do antibodies defend against parasitic infection? | ||
|a6= | |a6= | ||
| Line 114: | Line 108: | ||
*Enhancing macrophage phagocytosis | *Enhancing macrophage phagocytosis | ||
*Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity | *Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity | ||
| − | |l6=Parasites | + | |l6=Immunity to Parasites |
</FlashCard> | </FlashCard> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <br><br> | ||
| + | {{Jim Bee 2007}} | ||
| + | [[Category:Immunology Flashcards]] | ||
Latest revision as of 09:44, 24 May 2012
Host invasion
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| By what three routes can pathogens enter the body? |
|
Link to Article | |
Viruses
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| Naked viruses contain only...? | RNA/DNA and protein coat
|
Link to Article | |
| Name three functions of viral structural proteins |
|
Link to Article | |
| Name the two main innate defenses against viral infection |
|
Link to Article | |
| Upon viral infection, which antibody isotype is increased at mucosal surfaces? | Link to Article | ||
| What do antibodies stop free virus particles from doing? | Binding to host cell, entering and uncoating
|
Link to Article | |
| By what mechanism is complement able to damage the virion envelope? | Virolysis
|
Link to Article | |
| When coupled with antibodies, what mechanisms does complement aid in immune defence? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the main cytokines CD4+ T cells release to recruit macrophages? |
|
Link to Article | |
Bacteria
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| Describe three ways prokaryotic DNA differs from eukaryotic DNA |
|
Link to Article | |
| Bacteria with an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide are classed as... | Gram-negative
|
Link to Article | |
| Bacteria with a round shape are classed as... | Cocci
|
Link to Article | |
| Bacteria with a long shape are classed as... | Rods or bacilli
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the four rules summarising the cause and effect relationship between bacteria and infection? | Koch's postulates
|
Link to Article | |
| What is the condition, characterised by excessive cytokine production, that is caused by bacterial components such as LPS? | Endotoxin shock
|
Link to Article | |
| By what mechanism do most bacteria replicate? | Binary fission
|
Link to Article | |
| By what three mechanisms can bacteria transfer DNA? |
|
Link to Article | |
Parasites
| Question | Answer | Article | |
| Do protozoa have a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell structure | Eukaryotic
|
Link to Article | |
| What are the two main groups of helminth parasite? |
|
Link to Article | |
| What is the main cell type that mediates the destruction of larger parasites? | Eosinophils
|
Link to Article | |
| What T cell subtype is required to fight intracellular protozoa | TH1
|
Link to Article | |
| What T cell subtype is required to fight intestinal worms? | TH2
|
Link to Article | |
| How do antibodies defend against parasitic infection? |
|
Link to Article | |
|
Originally funded by the RVC Jim Bee Award 2007 |