Changes

 

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

Deglutition is the process of swallowing. Food is passed from the oral pharynx into the oesophageal/laryngeal pharynx whilst the [[epiglottis]] closes across the entrance of the trachea.

Deglutition is the process of swallowing. Food is passed from the [[Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oral pharynx]] into the oesophageal/[[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Laryngeal Pharynx|laryngeal]] [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] whilst the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Epiglottis|epiglottis]] closes across the entrance of the [[Trachea - Anatomy & Physiology|trachea]].

It is a voluntary reflex preventing food from passing into the trachea causing choking and eventually respiratory pneumonia.

It is an involuntary reflex preventing food from passing into the [[Trachea - Anatomy & Physiology|trachea]] and thus preventing choking and respiratory pneumonia.

==Process==

==Process==

1. Masticated and insalivated food is cupped by the tongue on its dorsal surface and the tip of the tongue pushes dorsally against the soft palate

[[Mastication|Masticated]] and salivated food is cupped by the [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] on its dorsal surface and the tip of the [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] pushes dorsally against the [[Soft Palate|soft palate]].

2. The jaws are closed. The mylohyoid, hyoglossal and stylohyoid mucles raises the tongue and pushes the bolus into the [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]]. When the food touches the pharyngeal mucosa the swallowing reflex is initiated.

The jaws are closed. The '''mylohyoid''', '''hyoglossal''' and '''stylohyoid''' mucles raise the [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] and push the bolus into the [[Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]]. When the food touches the pharyngeal mucosa, the swallowing reflex is initiated.

3. [[Oral Cavity - Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|Oropharynx]] relaxes and soft palate elevated by the levator velli palatini muscle. Pharyngeopalatine arch closes by palatopharyngeus.

The [[Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]] relaxes and the [[Soft Palate|soft palate]] is elevated by the '''levator velli palatini''' muscle. The '''pharyngeopalatine arch''' closes by the '''palatopharyngeus''' action.

4. Hyoid moved rostro-dorsally by geniohyoid and pterygopharyngeus contracts bringing common pharynx forward to engulf bolus.

The [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology|hyoid]] is moved rostro-dorsally and the '''pterygopharyngeus''' contracts bringing the common [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] forward to engulf the bolus. The epiglottis bends back to prevent food entering the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]].

5. [[Epiglottis]] bends back to prevent food entering larynx.

The bolus enters the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Laryngeal Pharynx|laryngeal pharynx]] and the [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] relaxes. The bolus is passed on down the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] by a concentric series of contractions by each set of contractor muscle in turn called peristalsis. The '''pharyngeopalatine arch''' reopens and the [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology|hyoid]] moves back by the  geniohyoid. The glottis reopens.

 

[[Diseases of the conducting airways]]

[[Category:Feeding Control]]

[[Category:A&P Done]]